first comit

.gitignore

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+/.idea/

README.md

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+# TP : Galerie d'images (flask)
+
+## Informations générales
+
+**Cours** : Python Avancé > Web > Flask \
+**Objectifs pédagogiques** :
+- Python avancé : framework Flask pour le développement web
+- Outils modernes (poetry, PyCharm)
+- Bonnes pratiques de l'entreprise
+
+---
+
+## Prérequis
+
+### Installation et configuration de l’environnement
+
+Installer les dépendances avec `poetry install` depuis un terminal PyCharm.
+
+### Connaissances préalables
+
+- Connaissances de base en programmation
+
+---
+
+## Énoncé
+
+### Contexte
+
+L'objectif de ce TP Bonus est de développer une application web simple mais robuste avec le micro-framework Flask.
+
+Vous êtes invité à lire les premières sections de la [documentation officielle de Flask](https://flask.palletsprojects.com/en/stable/quickstart/) pour vous familiariser avec les concepts de base, avant de commencer le TP.
+
+Cette application web affichera une galerie d'images à partir de fichiers stockés localement sur le serveur.
+
+Les images étant fournies par le serveur avec différentes largeurs, cela permettra au client d'optimiser la performance réseau en fonction de la taille de l'image réelle à afficher côté client (navigateur).
+
+Pour vous concentrer sur la logique métier et le fonctionnement de Flask, une partie significative du code vous est déjà fournie :
+
+* Les **templates HTML** (`layout.html`, `gallery.html`, `404.html`) qui gèrent l'affichage.
+* Les **fichiers statiques** (CSS Bootstrap) pour le design, ainsi que les images statiques.
+* Un module utilitaire `utils.py` contenant une fonction `build_image_structure` qui analyse et structure les données du répertoire contenant les images.
+* Une suite de **tests automatisés** (`test_app.py`) qui vous permettra de valider votre travail au fur et à mesure.
+
+Votre mission est de compléter le fichier `src/app/views.py` pour faire le lien entre les requêtes des utilisateurs, les données des images et les templates HTML.
+
+### Objectifs pédagogiques
+
+À la fin de ce TP, vous saurez :
+
+* Créer et organiser des routes (vues) dans une application Flask à l'aide de Blueprints.
+* Faire le rendu de templates HTML en leur transmettant des données dynamiques (`render_template`).
+* Gérer les erreurs de manière élégante (`try...except`) pour rendre une application plus robuste.
+* Créer un premier endpoint d'API simple qui retourne des données au format JSON.
+* Utiliser une suite de tests (Pytest) pour guider et valider votre développement (approche TDD-lite).
+* Lancer et déboguer une application Flask localement.
+
+### Mise en place
+
+Le projet utilise `poetry` pour la gestion des dépendances.
+
+La structure du projet est la suivante :
+
+```
+.
+├── poetry.lock
+├── pyproject.toml
+├── src
+│   └── app
+│       ├── __init__.py         # Point d'entrée de l'application
+│       ├── static/             # Fichiers CSS, et images
+│       ├── templates/          # Fichiers HTML (templates Jinja2)
+│       ├── utils.py            # Fonctions utilitaires (fourni)
+│       └── views.py            # Le fichier à compléter !
+└── tests
+    └── test_views.py           # Tests pour valider votre code (fourni)
+```
+
+### Travail à réaliser
+
+Ouvrez le fichier `src/app/views.py`. Il est actuellement presque vide. Vous allez le compléter étape par étape.
+
+#### Étape 1 : afficher la galerie d'images
+
+Votre premier objectif est de créer la vue principale qui affiche la galerie.
+
+**Tâche :** Créez une fonction `index()` qui répond à la route `/` (la racine du site).
+
+**Logique à implémenter dans la fonction `index()` :**
+
+1. Construisez le chemin vers le dossier contenant les images. Ce dossier se trouve dans `static/images`. Utilisez `current_app.static_folder` de Flask et la bibliothèque `pathlib` pour un code propre et portable.
+
+2. Appelez la fonction `build_image_structure()` (importée depuis `.utils`) en lui passant le chemin du dossier des images.
+
+3. **Rendez votre code robuste !** Encadrez l'appel à cette fonction dans un bloc `try...except`. En cas d'erreur (par exemple, si le dossier n'existe pas ou si un autre problème survient), vous devez éviter que l'application ne plante.
+
+   * En cas de succès, vous passez les données des images au template.
+
+   * Si aucune image n'est trouvée par la fonction, prévoyez un message d'erreur à afficher.
+
+   * En cas d'exception, logguez l'erreur et préparez un message d'erreur générique pour l'utilisateur.
+
+4. Faites le rendu du template `gallery.html` en utilisant `render_template()`. Vous devez lui passer deux variables :
+
+   * `structured_images`: Le dictionnaire d'images retourné par `build_image_structure`.
+
+   * `error_message`: Un message d'erreur (ou `None` si tout va bien).
+
+**Diagramme de flux (Étape 1) :**
+
+```mermaid
+graph TD
+    subgraph Client[Navigateur]
+        A[Utilisateur]
+    end
+    subgraph Serveur[Serveur Flask]
+        B["Route /"]
+        C["views.py: index()"]
+        D["utils.py: build_image_structure()"]
+        E["templates/gallery.html"]
+        F[Réponse HTML]
+    end
+    subgraph SystemeFichiers[Disque Serveur]
+        G["static/images"]
+    end
+
+    A -- "1. Requête GET /" --> B
+    B -- "2. Déclenche" --> C
+    C -- "3. Construit chemin et appelle" --> D
+    D -- "4. Lit le dossier" --> G
+    G -- "5. Retourne la structure" --> D
+    D -- "6. Retourne dict_images" --> C
+    C -- "7. Injecte données dans" --> E
+    E -- "8. Génère" --> F
+    F -- "9. Envoie" --> A
+```
+
+**Logique de gestion d'erreur (commune aux étapes 1 et 4) :**
+
+```mermaid
+graph TD
+    A[Début de la vue] --> B{try}
+    B -- "Succès" --> C["Appel: build_image_structure()"]
+    C --> D{Images trouvées?}
+    D -- "Oui" --> E[Préparer réponse 200 OK - HTML ou JSON]
+    D -- "Non" --> F[Préparer réponse - HTML avec erreur ou JSON 404]
+    B -- "Échec" --> G[except Exception as e]
+    G --> H[Logguer l'erreur e]
+    H --> I[Préparer réponse - HTML avec erreur ou JSON 500]
+    E --> Z[Fin]
+    F --> Z[Fin]
+    I --> Z[Fin]
+```
+
+#### Étape 2 : valider avec les tests
+
+Avant même de regarder le résultat dans votre navigateur, vérifiez que votre code est correct en lançant la suite de tests.
+
+```bash
+poetry run pytest -p no:warnings
+```
+
+Analysez le résultat. Certains tests qui échouaient au début devraient maintenant passer. L'objectif est de faire passer tous les tests relatifs à la galerie.
+
+#### Étape 3 : lancer le serveur et constater le résultat
+
+Une fois les tests au vert, lancez le serveur de développement Flask.
+
+1. Assurez-vous d'être dans le bon dossier :
+
+   ```bash
+   cd src
+   ```
+
+2. Lancez le serveur en mode "debug" (ce mode recharge automatiquement le serveur à chaque modification de votre code) :
+
+   ```bash
+   flask run --debug
+   ```
+
+3. Ouvrez votre navigateur à l'adresse [http://127.0.0.1:5000](http://127.0.0.1:5000) et admirez votre galerie !
+
+#### Étape 4 : créer un endpoint d'API JSON
+
+Votre second objectif est de fournir les mêmes données via une API, au format JSON.
+
+**Tâche :** Créez une fonction `api_images()` qui répond à la route `/api/images`.
+
+**Logique à implémenter :**
+
+1. La logique de récupération des données est la même que pour la vue `index()` : chemin du dossier, appel à `build_image_structure()`, gestion des exceptions.
+
+2. La différence réside dans la réponse :
+
+   * En cas de succès, retournez directement le dictionnaire `structured_images`. Flask le convertira automatiquement en une réponse JSON avec un code de statut `200 OK`.
+
+   * Si aucune image n'est trouvée, retournez un dictionnaire d'erreur (ex: `{'error': "Aucune image n'a été trouvée"}`) et le code de statut `404 Not Found`.
+
+   * En cas d'exception serveur, retournez un dictionnaire d'erreur (ex: `{'error': "Erreur interne du serveur"}`) et le code de statut `500 Internal Server Error`.
+
+**Diagramme de flux (Étape 4) :**
+
+```mermaid
+graph TD
+    subgraph Client[Client API ex: Postman, script]
+        A[Utilisateur/Service]
+    end
+    subgraph Serveur[Serveur Flask]
+        B[Route /api/images]
+        C["views.py: api_images()"]
+        D["utils.py: build_image_structure()"]
+        E[Réponse JSON]
+    end
+    subgraph SystemeFichiers[Disque Serveur]
+        G["static/images"]
+    end
+
+    A -- "1. Requête GET /api/images" --> B
+    B -- "2. Déclenche" --> C
+    C -- "3. Construit chemin et appelle" --> D
+    D -- "4. Lit le dossier" --> G
+    G -- "5. Retourne la structure" --> D
+    D -- "6. Retourne dict_images" --> C
+    C -- "7. Formate en JSON" --> E
+    E -- "8. Envoie" --> A
+```
+
+#### Étape 5 : ajouter un ou plusieurs tests pour l'API
+
+Pour aller plus loin, ouvrez le fichier `tests/test_app.py` et ajoutez un ou plusieurs nouveaux tests pour votre API.
+
+**Idée de test :**
+Créez une fonction `test_api_images_success()` qui :
+
+1. Fait un `GET` sur `/api/images`.
+
+2. Vérifie que le code de statut est bien `200`.
+
+3. Vérifie que le `content_type` de la réponse est bien `application/json`.
+
+4. Vérifie que la réponse JSON contient des clés attendues (par exemple, le nom d'une des images).
+
+Relancez les tests pour vous assurer que l'ancien et le nouveau code fonctionnent parfaitement.
+
+### Bonnes pratiques
+
+* La page d'accueil (`/`) s'affiche correctement avec les images. Les images téléchargées par le navigateur sont cohérentes avec la taille réelles des images à afficher.
+
+* La page gère correctement l'absence du dossier d'images sans planter, en affichant un message d'erreur.
+
+* L'endpoint `/api/images` retourne une structure JSON valide en cas de succès.
+
+* L'endpoint `/api/images` retourne les codes d'erreur HTTP et les messages appropriés (404, 500).
+
+* L'ensemble des tests fournis (et les vôtre) passent avec succès.
+
+* Le code dans `views.py` est clair, commenté et suit les bonnes pratiques Python.

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+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
+groups = ["dev"]
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+
+[[package]]
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+description = "Pygments is a syntax highlighting package written in Python."
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+groups = ["dev"]
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+
+[[package]]
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+description = "pytest: simple powerful testing with Python"
+optional = false
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+pygments = ">=2.7.2"
+
+[package.extras]
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+
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+pluggy = ">=1.2"
+pytest = ">=6.2.5"
+
+[package.extras]
+testing = ["fields", "hunter", "process-tests", "pytest-xdist", "virtualenv"]
+
+[[package]]
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+version = "3.1.3"
+description = "The comprehensive WSGI web application library."
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
+groups = ["main"]
+files = [
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+    {file = "werkzeug-3.1.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:60723ce945c19328679790e3282cc758aa4a6040e4bb330f53d30fa546d44746"},
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+
+[package.dependencies]
+MarkupSafe = ">=2.1.1"
+
+[package.extras]
+watchdog = ["watchdog (>=2.3)"]
+
+[metadata]
+lock-version = "2.1"
+python-versions = "^3.13"
+content-hash = "45098047af5eb52decb5a21db08c81dcedabc693ecf27dbb96a9f6f09b31a50e"

pyproject.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+[project]
+name = "tp-flask"
+version = "0.1.0"
+description = "TP flask"
+authors = [
+    {name = "Your Name",email = "you@example.com"}
+]
+readme = "README.md"
+classifiers = [
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
+]
+keywords = ["flask", "web"]
+
+exclude = [
+    { path = "tests", format = "wheel" }
+]
+
+requires-python = ">=3.13"
+
+[tool.poetry]
+package-mode = false
+packages = [{include = "app", from = "src"}]
+
+[tool.poetry.dependencies]
+python = "^3.13"
+flask = "^3.1.1"
+
+[tool.poetry.group.dev.dependencies]
+pytest = "^8.4.1"
+pytest-cov = "^6.2.1"
+coverage = { version="*", extras=["toml"]}
+
+[tool.black]
+line-length = 120
+
+[tool.pycln]
+all = true
+
+[tool.isort]
+line_length = 120
+multi_line_output = 3
+include_trailing_comma = true
+force_grid_wrap = 0
+use_parentheses = true
+ensure_newline_before_comments = true
+
+[tool.pytest.ini_options]
+pythonpath = ["src"]
+
+[build-system]
+requires = ["poetry-core>=2.0.0,<3.0.0"]
+build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"

src/app/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import logging
+from flask import Flask, render_template
+
+# Utilisation du patron de conception "Factory" pour créer l'application Flask.
+def create_app() -> Flask:
+    """Crée et configure une instance de l'application Flask."""
+
+    # Configuration du logging
+    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(asctime)s [%(levelname)s] - %(message)s')
+
+    app = Flask(__name__, instance_relative_config=True)
+
+    # Enregistrement du Blueprint (collection de routes) contenant nos vues
+    from . import views
+    app.register_blueprint(views.app)
+
+    # --- Gestionnaires d'erreurs HTTP ---
+    # Ils sont rattachés à l'application pour être globaux.
+
+    @app.errorhandler(404)
+    def page_not_found(e: Exception) -> tuple[str, int]:
+        logging.warning(f"Accès à une page inexistante.")
+        return render_template('404.html'), 404
+
+    @app.errorhandler(500)
+    def internal_server_error(e: Exception) -> tuple[str, int]:
+        logging.error(f"Erreur interne du serveur : {e}")
+        return render_template('500.html'), 500
+
+    logging.info("Application créée avec succès.")
+    return app