feat(ml): initialise le pipeline d'entrainement LightGBM (ADR 0005)

ml/tests/test_features.py

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+from datetime import UTC, datetime, timedelta
+from typing import cast
+
+import pandas as pd
+
+from enervision_ml.features import TARGET_COLUMN, build_features, feature_columns
+
+
+def make_site_reading(
+    site_id: str, *, heures: int, depart: datetime, valeur: float = 10.0
+) -> pd.DataFrame:
+    instants = [depart + timedelta(hours=h) for h in range(heures)]
+    return pd.DataFrame(
+        {
+            "site_id": site_id,
+            "timestamp": instants,
+            TARGET_COLUMN: [valeur + h for h in range(heures)],
+            "temperature_celsius": [15.0] * heures,
+            "humidity_percent": [50.0] * heures,
+            "solar_irradiance_wm2": [0.0] * heures,
+            "is_working_hours": [True] * heures,
+            "site_type": "office",
+            "capacity_kw": 100.0,
+        }
+    )
+
+
+def two_site_frame(heures: int = 200) -> pd.DataFrame:
+    depart = datetime(2026, 1, 1, tzinfo=UTC)
+    return pd.concat(
+        [
+            make_site_reading("site-a", heures=heures, depart=depart, valeur=10.0),
+            make_site_reading("site-b", heures=heures, depart=depart, valeur=1000.0),
+        ],
+        ignore_index=True,
+    )
+
+
+def test_build_features_returns_every_declared_feature_column() -> None:
+    features = build_features(two_site_frame())
+
+    manquantes = set(feature_columns()) - set(features.columns)
+
+    assert manquantes == set()
+
+
+def test_build_features_sets_a_constant_period_minutes() -> None:
+    features = build_features(two_site_frame())
+
+    assert (features["period_minutes"] == 60).all()
+
+
+def test_build_features_lag_1h_matches_the_previous_hour_of_the_same_site() -> None:
+    features = build_features(two_site_frame(heures=200))
+    site_a = features[features["site_id"] == "site-a"].reset_index(drop=True)
+
+    assert site_a.loc[10, f"{TARGET_COLUMN}_lag_1h"] == site_a.loc[9, TARGET_COLUMN]
+
+
+def test_build_features_lag_168h_is_nan_before_a_full_week_of_history() -> None:
+    features = build_features(two_site_frame(heures=200))
+    site_a = features[features["site_id"] == "site-a"].reset_index(drop=True)
+
+    assert pd.isna(site_a.loc[100, f"{TARGET_COLUMN}_lag_168h"])
+    assert not pd.isna(site_a.loc[168, f"{TARGET_COLUMN}_lag_168h"])
+
+
+def test_build_features_never_leaks_lags_across_sites() -> None:
+    # site-b demarre a 1000 : si un lag de site-a s'y glissait, la valeur sortirait de son
+    # echelle (10, 11, 12, ...).
+    features = build_features(two_site_frame(heures=200))
+    site_b = features[features["site_id"] == "site-b"].reset_index(drop=True)
+
+    assert cast(float, site_b.loc[5, f"{TARGET_COLUMN}_lag_1h"]) >= 1000.0
+
+
+def test_build_features_rolling_mean_excludes_the_current_hour() -> None:
+    # Valeurs constantes sauf la derniere ligne : si la moyenne glissante incluait l'heure
+    # courante, la constante ne resterait pas stable jusqu'au bout.
+    depart = datetime(2026, 1, 1, tzinfo=UTC)
+    frame = make_site_reading("site-a", heures=200, depart=depart, valeur=10.0)
+    frame[TARGET_COLUMN] = 10.0
+    frame.loc[frame.index[-1], TARGET_COLUMN] = 10_000.0
+
+    features = build_features(frame).reset_index(drop=True)
+
+    assert features.loc[len(features) - 1, f"{TARGET_COLUMN}_rolling_mean_24h"] == 10.0
+
+
+def test_build_features_computes_calendar_fields_from_the_timestamp() -> None:
+    depart = datetime(2026, 1, 3, 6, tzinfo=UTC)  # un samedi, 6h
+    features = build_features(make_site_reading("site-a", heures=1, depart=depart))
+
+    assert features.loc[0, "hour"] == 6
+    assert features.loc[0, "day_of_week"] == 5
+    assert features.loc[0, "is_weekend"] == 1