feat+chore(frontend): déploiement selon l'env sélectionné, commentaires sur le fichier terraform

feat(backend): expose GET /api/v1/alerts

.editorconfig

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+root = true
+
+[*]
+charset = utf-8
+end_of_line = lf
+insert_final_newline = true
+trim_trailing_whitespace = true
+indent_style = space
+indent_size = 2
+
+[*.py]
+indent_size = 4
+max_line_length = 100
+
+[*.{tf,tfvars}]
+indent_size = 2
+
+[Makefile]
+indent_style = tab
+
+[*.md]
+trim_trailing_whitespace = false

.env.example

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Variables lues par docker-compose.yml à la racine.
+# Le backend lancé hors conteneur (`make dev`) lit apps/backend/.env, pas ce fichier.
+
+POSTGRES_USER=enervision
+POSTGRES_PASSWORD=change_me
+POSTGRES_DB=enervision
+# 5432 est souvent déjà pris par une autre base du poste.
+POSTGRES_PORT=5433
+# `basic` renvoie des statistiques d'usage à Timescale.
+TIMESCALEDB_TELEMETRY=off
+
+APP_ENV=local
+APP_DEBUG=false
+APP_LOG_LEVEL=INFO
+# L'API refuse de démarrer tant que cette valeur reste un exemple ou fait moins de
+# 32 caractères. Générer la vôtre : python -c "import secrets; print(secrets.token_urlsafe(48))"
+APP_SECRET_KEY=change_me
+APP_CORS_ORIGINS=http://localhost:4200
+BACKEND_PORT=8000

.github/workflows/backend.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+name: Backend
+
+# Piège : la version de Python vient de apps/backend/.python-version, et elle doit rester
+# en 3.14. Le code utilise le PEP 758, qu'un interpréteur 3.13 refuse de compiler.
+
+on:
+  push:
+    paths:
+      - "apps/backend/**"
+      - ".github/workflows/backend.yml"
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - "apps/backend/**"
+      - ".github/workflows/backend.yml"
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: backend-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  verification:
+    name: Lint, typage et tests
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        working-directory: apps/backend
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Récupère le dépôt
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Installe uv
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v5
+        with:
+          enable-cache: true
+          cache-dependency-glob: apps/backend/uv.lock
+
+      - name: Installe l'interpréteur déclaré par .python-version
+        run: uv python install
+
+      - name: Synchronise les dépendances sans dévier du verrou
+        run: uv sync --all-groups --frozen
+
+      - name: Vérifie le formatage
+        run: uv run ruff format --check .
+
+      - name: Analyse statique
+        run: uv run ruff check --output-format=github .
+
+      - name: Typage
+        run: uv run mypy app
+
+      # Le marqueur `integration` est exclu par défaut, donc aucune base n'est nécessaire ici.
+      - name: Tests et couverture
+        run: uv run pytest --cov-fail-under=85

.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+# Python
+__pycache__/
+*.py[cod]
+.venv/
+venv/
+.pytest_cache/
+.mypy_cache/
+.ruff_cache/
+.coverage
+coverage.xml
+htmlcov/
+test-results/
+dist/
+build/
+*.egg-info/
+
+# Node / Angular
+node_modules/
+.angular/
+apps/frontend/dist/
+apps/frontend/.angular/
+npm-debug.log*
+yarn-error.log*
+
+# Terraform
+.terraform/
+# .terraform.lock.hcl est versionne (pas ignore) pour figer les versions de provider entre contributeurs/CI
+*.tfstate
+*.tfstate.*
+*.tfplan
+crash.log
+override.tf
+override.tf.json
+*_override.tf
+*_override.tf.json
+*.tfvars
+!*.tfvars.example
+kubeconfig
+
+# Airflow
+etl/airflow/logs/
+airflow.db
+airflow-webserver.pid
+standalone_admin_password.txt
+
+# Environnement et secrets
+.env
+.env.*
+!.env.example
+*.pem
+*.key
+secrets/
+
+# Donnees locales
+data/
+*.sqlite3
+monitoring/grafana/data/
+monitoring/prometheus/data/
+
+# IDE et OS
+.idea/
+.vscode/
+*.swp
+.DS_Store
+Thumbs.db

Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+BACKEND := apps/backend
+FRONTEND := apps/frontend
+
+.DEFAULT_GOAL := help
+.PHONY: help install install-backend install-frontend dev dev-backend dev-frontend \
+        lint format typecheck test test-cov test-integration check \
+        openapi docker-build db-up db-down db-reset db-logs db-psql migrate bootstrap-admin
+
+help: ## Liste les cibles disponibles
+	@grep -E '^[a-zA-Z_-]+:.*?## .*$$' $(MAKEFILE_LIST) | awk 'BEGIN {FS = ":.*?## "}; {printf "  \033[36m%-16s\033[0m %s\n", $$1, $$2}'
+
+install: install-backend install-frontend ## Installe les dépendances backend et frontend
+
+install-backend: ## Installe les dépendances du backend
+	cd $(BACKEND) && uv sync --all-groups
+
+install-frontend: ## Installe les dépendances du frontend
+	cd $(FRONTEND) && npm ci
+
+dev: ## Lance toute la stack (backend + frontend) en rechargement à chaud
+	@trap 'kill 0' EXIT INT TERM; \
+	$(MAKE) --no-print-directory dev-backend & \
+	$(MAKE) --no-print-directory dev-frontend & \
+	wait
+
+dev-backend: ## Lance l'API seule en rechargement à chaud
+	@echo "backend  -> http://localhost:8000 (docs sur /docs)"
+	cd $(BACKEND) && uv run uvicorn app.main:create_app --factory --reload --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8000
+
+dev-frontend: ## Lance le frontend seul en rechargement à chaud
+	@echo "frontend -> http://localhost:4200"
+	cd $(FRONTEND) && npm start
+
+lint: ## Analyse statique du backend
+	cd $(BACKEND) && uv run ruff check .
+
+format: ## Formate et corrige le backend
+	cd $(BACKEND) && uv run ruff format . && uv run ruff check --fix .
+
+typecheck: ## Vérifie le typage du backend
+	cd $(BACKEND) && uv run mypy app
+
+test: ## Exécute les tests backend ne demandant pas de base
+	cd $(BACKEND) && uv run pytest --cov-fail-under=85
+
+test-cov: ## Rapports de couverture HTML et XML, plus les résultats au format JUnit
+	cd $(BACKEND) && uv run pytest --cov-fail-under=85 --cov-report=html \
+		--cov-report=xml --junitxml=test-results/junit.xml
+
+test-integration: ## Exécute les tests exigeant une base joignable
+	cd $(BACKEND) && uv run pytest -m integration
+
+check: lint typecheck test ## Chaîne de vérification complète
+
+openapi: ## Régénère apps/backend/openapi.json depuis les routes déclarées
+	cd $(BACKEND) && uv run python -m app.cli export-openapi
+
+docker-build: ## Construit l'image du backend
+	docker build -t enervision-backend:local $(BACKEND)
+
+db-up: ## Démarre la base PostgreSQL TimescaleDB
+	docker compose up -d db
+
+db-down: ## Arrête la base en conservant ses données
+	docker compose stop db
+
+db-reset: ## Détruit la base et rejoue db/init
+	docker compose down -v && docker compose up -d db
+
+db-logs: ## Suit les journaux de la base
+	docker compose logs -f db
+
+db-psql: ## Ouvre une session psql sur la base applicative
+	docker compose exec db psql -U $${POSTGRES_USER:-enervision} -d $${POSTGRES_DB:-enervision}
+
+migrate: ## Applique les migrations Alembic
+	cd $(BACKEND) && uv run alembic upgrade head
+
+bootstrap-admin: ## Crée le premier administrateur, mot de passe saisi au clavier
+	cd $(BACKEND) && uv run python -m app.cli create-admin --email $${EMAIL:?EMAIL=... requis}

README.md

@@ -1 +1,104 @@
-# ProjetPiscine_EnerVision
+# EnerVision
+
+Monorepo de la plateforme EnerVision : collecte, stockage, analyse et restitution de
+series temporelles energetiques, deployee sur une machine on-premise.
+
+## Jalons
+
+| Jalon | Intitulé |
+|-------|----------------------------------------------------------|
+| J1    | Valider la préparation de l'environnement et du repo     |
+| J2    | Valider le périmètre retenu et les choix technologiques  |
+| J3    | Valider l'architecture et la gestion de la sécurité      |
+| J4    | Valider la robustesse et assurer les livrables           |
+
+Ce que la documentation apporte à chacun : [docs/architecture/00-vue-ensemble.md](docs/architecture/00-vue-ensemble.md).
+
+## Stack cible
+
+| Domaine    | Technologie                         | Emplacement         | Etat          |
+|------------|-------------------------------------|---------------------|---------------|
+| Backend    | FastAPI, Python 3.14                | `apps/backend`      | Initialise    |
+| Frontend   | Angular 22, Node 24 LTS             | `apps/frontend`     | Tableau de bord |
+| Base       | PostgreSQL 17 + TimescaleDB         | `db`                | Initialise    |
+| ETL        | Apache Airflow                      | `etl/airflow`       | A initialiser |
+| Infra      | Terraform (k3s single-node)         | `infra/terraform`   | Initialise    |
+| CI/CD      | GitHub Actions                      | `.github/workflows` | Backend en place |
+| Monitoring | Prometheus, Grafana, Alertmanager   | `monitoring`        | A initialiser |
+
+Le backend, la base et l'infrastructure (Terraform/k3s) sont initialises a ce stade. Le frontend
+sert un tableau de bord sur `/dashboard`, dont les données proviennent de fixtures : les endpoints
+correspondants restent à écrire côté API. Les autres dossiers portent l'arborescence et un README
+de cadrage, leur contenu fait l'objet d'un ticket dedie.
+
+L'etat detaille de chaque brique et les vues d'architecture sont dans
+[docs/architecture](docs/architecture/README.md).
+
+## Arborescence
+
+```
+.
+├── apps/
+│   ├── backend/        API FastAPI
+│   └── frontend/       Application Angular
+├── db/
+│   ├── init/           Bootstrap PostgreSQL + TimescaleDB
+│   ├── migrations/     Migrations SQL versionnees
+│   └── seeds/          Jeux de donnees de reference
+├── etl/airflow/
+│   ├── dags/           DAGs d'ingestion et d'agregation
+│   ├── plugins/        Operateurs et hooks maison
+│   ├── include/        Requetes SQL et ressources des DAGs
+│   └── tests/          Tests d'integrite des DAGs
+├── infra/terraform/
+│   ├── modules/        Modules reutilisables
+│   └── environments/   Racines Terraform, une par environnement
+├── monitoring/
+│   ├── prometheus/     Collecte et regles d'alerte
+│   ├── grafana/        Provisioning et dashboards
+│   └── alertmanager/   Routage des alertes
+├── docs/               ADR et vues d'architecture
+└── scripts/            Outillage local
+```
+
+## Demarrage
+
+Prerequis : uv, Docker, Node 24 LTS (npm fourni). Le poste doit disposer de Python 3.14, que
+`uv` installe seul.
+
+```bash
+cp .env.example .env                               # variables de docker-compose
+cp apps/backend/.env.example apps/backend/.env     # variables du backend hors conteneur
+
+make db-up     # PostgreSQL + TimescaleDB, publie sur le port 5433
+make install   # dependances du backend et du frontend
+make migrate   # applique les migrations Alembic
+make dev       # backend sur http://localhost:8000 (docs sur /docs), frontend sur http://localhost:4200
+make check     # lint + typage + tests
+```
+
+`make help` liste les cibles disponibles.
+
+Deux fichiers d'environnement, deux usages : `.env` a la racine alimente `docker-compose.yml`,
+`apps/backend/.env` alimente le backend lance sur le poste. Le port 5433 est publie plutot que
+5432, souvent deja pris par une autre base.
+
+La boucle de developpement est `make db-up` puis `make dev` : seule la base tourne en
+conteneur, le backend et le frontend tournent tous les deux sur le poste, lances ensemble par
+`make dev` (logs entrelaces dans le meme terminal, Ctrl+C arrete les deux). `make dev-backend`
+et `make dev-frontend` restent disponibles pour lancer un seul des deux. Le service `backend`
+du `docker-compose.yml` sert la stack complete et la recette, et n'embarque pas le source, donc
+toute modification y demande un `docker compose up -d --build backend`.
+
+Verifier que la base repond et que l'extension est chargee :
+
+```bash
+curl -s localhost:8000/api/v1/health/ready
+```
+
+## Conventions
+
+- Branches : `feat/`, `fix/`, `chore/`, `docs/`, `test/` suivi d'un libelle court.
+- Commits : Conventional Commits, portee = dossier de premier niveau concerne.
+- Toute decision structurante donne lieu a un ADR dans `docs/adr`.
+- Toute PR qui change un composant met a jour sa vue dans `docs/architecture`, dans la meme PR.

apps/backend/.dockerignore

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+.venv/
+__pycache__/
+*.py[cod]
+.pytest_cache/
+.mypy_cache/
+.ruff_cache/
+.coverage
+coverage.xml
+htmlcov/
+.env
+.env.*
+!.env.example
+tests/
+Dockerfile
+.dockerignore
+README.md

apps/backend/.env.example

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+APP_ENV=local
+APP_DEBUG=false
+APP_LOG_LEVEL=INFO
+
+# L'API refuse de démarrer tant que cette valeur reste un exemple ou fait moins de
+# 32 caractères. Générer la vôtre : python -c "import secrets; print(secrets.token_urlsafe(48))"
+APP_SECRET_KEY=change_me
+
+APP_CORS_ORIGINS=http://localhost:4200
+DATABASE_URL=postgresql+asyncpg://enervision:change_me@localhost:5433/enervision

apps/backend/.python-version

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+3.14

apps/backend/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+FROM python:3.14-slim AS builder
+
+COPY --from=ghcr.io/astral-sh/uv:0.11.26 /uv /uvx /bin/
+
+ENV UV_COMPILE_BYTECODE=1 \
+    UV_LINK_MODE=copy \
+    UV_PYTHON_DOWNLOADS=never
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/uv \
+    --mount=type=bind,source=uv.lock,target=uv.lock \
+    --mount=type=bind,source=pyproject.toml,target=pyproject.toml \
+    uv sync --locked --no-install-project --no-dev
+
+COPY . /app
+
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/uv \
+    uv sync --locked --no-dev
+
+
+FROM python:3.14-slim AS runtime
+
+RUN groupadd --system --gid 1001 app \
+    && useradd --system --uid 1001 --gid app --create-home app
+
+ENV PATH="/app/.venv/bin:${PATH}" \
+    PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1 \
+    PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+COPY --from=builder --chown=app:app /app /app
+
+USER app
+
+EXPOSE 8000
+
+HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=5s --start-period=15s --retries=3 \
+    CMD python -c "import urllib.request; urllib.request.urlopen('http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/health/live')"
+
+CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:create_app", "--factory", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "8000"]

apps/backend/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+# Backend EnerVision
+
+API FastAPI exposant les series temporelles energetiques.
+
+| Element     | Choix                                      |
+|-------------|--------------------------------------------|
+| Python      | 3.14                                       |
+| Gestionnaire| uv (`uv.lock` fait foi)                    |
+| Framework   | FastAPI + Uvicorn                          |
+| Persistance | SQLAlchemy 2 async + asyncpg + Alembic     |
+| Lint/format | ruff                                       |
+| Typage      | mypy en mode strict                        |
+| Tests       | pytest + pytest-asyncio + httpx            |
+
+## Installation
+
+```bash
+cp .env.example .env
+uv sync --all-groups
+```
+
+`APP_SECRET_KEY` et `DATABASE_URL` n'ont pas de valeur par defaut : l'application refuse
+de demarrer sans elles.
+
+`DATABASE_URL` pointe sur `localhost:5433`, le port publie par le service `db` du
+`docker-compose.yml` racine. Demarrer la base depuis la racine avec `make db-up`.
+
+## Commandes
+
+Depuis la racine du monorepo, via le `Makefile` : `make install`, `make dev`, `make lint`,
+`make format`, `make typecheck`, `make test`, `make check`, `make openapi`, `make docker-build`.
+
+Directement depuis ce dossier :
+
+```bash
+uv run uvicorn app.main:create_app --factory --reload --port 8000
+uv run ruff check .          # lint
+uv run ruff format .         # format
+uv run mypy app              # typage strict
+uv run pytest                # tests + couverture
+uv run pytest -m integration # tests exigeant une base joignable
+uv run python -m app.cli export-openapi   # régénère openapi.json
+```
+
+`openapi.json` est versionné : `tests/api/test_openapi.py` échoue si le fichier ne correspond
+plus aux routes déclarées. Toute PR qui change une route le régénère dans le même commit.
+
+Les conventions de tests, les gabarits et le detail des marqueurs sont dans
+[`TESTING.md`](TESTING.md).
+
+`pytest` ecarte par defaut les tests marques `integration`, pour que `make check` reste
+jouable sans Docker. Ces tests visent la base `enervision_test`, creee par
+`db/init/110-test-database.sql` au premier demarrage du conteneur.
+
+L'application est exposee par une factory (`create_app`) et non par un objet module :
+aucune configuration n'est lue a l'import, ce qui rend les tests et les migrations
+independants de l'environnement.
+
+## Structure
+
+```
+app/
+├── api/
+│   ├── deps.py          Dépendances partagées : session, settings, principal, gardes de rôle
+│   ├── errors.py        Gestionnaires 422 et 500
+│   ├── middleware.py    En-têtes de sécurité
+│   ├── security.py      Garde du point /metrics
+│   └── v1/
+│       ├── router.py    Agrégation des routes de la version 1
+│       └── endpoints/   Un module par ressource exposée
+├── core/
+│   ├── config.py        Settings Pydantic, source unique de configuration
+│   ├── cookies.py       Attributs du cookie de rafraîchissement
+│   ├── hashing.py       Argon2id, poussé dans un fil sous limiteur
+│   ├── logging.py       Journalisation console en local, JSON en production
+│   ├── principal.py     L'identité que voit le code métier
+│   ├── roles.py         Rôles ordonnés
+│   └── security.py      Encodage et décodage des jetons d'accès
+├── db/
+│   ├── base.py          Base declarative SQLAlchemy
+│   └── session.py       Engine et sessions asynchrones
+├── models/              Modeles SQLAlchemy
+├── schemas/             Modeles Pydantic d'entree et de sortie
+├── repositories/        Acces aux donnees, une classe par agregat
+├── services/            Regles metier, orchestrent les repositories
+├── cli.py               Commandes hors HTTP, dont l'amorcage du premier admin
+└── main.py              Factory applicative
+tests/                   Miroir de app/
+alembic/                 Migrations du schema applicatif
+```
+
+Le sens de dependance est unique : `endpoints` vers `services` vers `repositories` vers
+`models`. Un endpoint ne touche jamais une session directement.
+
+## Routes
+
+| Route | Rôle | Accès |
+|---|---|---|
+| `/api/v1/health/live` | Sonde de vivacité, aucune dépendance externe | public |
+| `/api/v1/health/ready` | Sonde de disponibilité, vérifie la base et TimescaleDB | public |
+| `/api/v1/auth/login` | Ouvre une session | public |
+| `/api/v1/auth/refresh` | Fait tourner la session | cookie |
+| `/api/v1/auth/logout` | Ferme la session courante | cookie, idempotente |
+| `/api/v1/auth/logout-all` | Ferme toutes les sessions du compte | jeton |
+| `/api/v1/auth/password` | Change son propre mot de passe | jeton |
+| `/api/v1/auth/me` | Décrit le compte connecté | jeton |
+| `/api/v1/users` | Liste et crée des comptes | `admin` |
+| `/api/v1/users/{id}` | Change le rôle ou l'activation | `admin` |
+| `/api/v1/users/{id}/password-reset` | Réinitialise et ferme les sessions | `admin` |
+| `/api/v1/sites` | Liste les sites | `lecteur` |
+| `/api/v1/sites/{site_id}` | Décrit un site | `lecteur` |
+| `/api/v1/recommendations` | Liste les recommandations | `lecteur` |
+| `/api/v1/recommendations/{recommendation_id}` | Décrit une recommandation | `lecteur` |
+| `/metrics` | Métriques au format Prometheus | jeton si `APP_METRICS_TOKEN` |
+| `/docs`, `/openapi.json` | Documentation, fermée en `staging` et `prod` | public sinon |
+
+Le contrat détaillé pour le frontend est dans
+[`docs/architecture/31-contrat-authentification.md`](../../docs/architecture/31-contrat-authentification.md).
+
+## Premier administrateur
+
+Aucun compte n'existe après les migrations. Il s'en crée un en ligne de commande :
+
+```bash
+make bootstrap-admin EMAIL=prenom.nom@enervision.fr   # mot de passe saisi au clavier
+# ou, depuis apps/backend :
+uv run python -m app.cli create-admin --email prenom.nom@enervision.fr --generate
+```
+
+Le compte est créé avec `must_change_password`, donc la première connexion ne donne accès qu'à
+`/auth/me` et `/auth/password` jusqu'au changement. Le mot de passe ne transite jamais par
+`argv`, visible de tout `ps`, et aucune révision Alembic n'insère de compte : son empreinte
+resterait dans Git pour toujours.
+
+## Migrations
+
+```bash
+uv run alembic revision --autogenerate -m "libelle"
+uv run alembic upgrade head
+```
+
+L'URL de connexion vient de `DATABASE_URL`, pas de `alembic.ini`.
+
+La premiere revision ne cree aucune table : elle refuse de s'appliquer si l'extension
+TimescaleDB manque, ce qui arrive quand `db/init` n'a pas ete joue. Le DDL propre a
+TimescaleDB qui ne depend pas du schema applicatif vit dans `db/`, pas ici.
+
+## Image Docker
+
+Build multi-stage, dependances resolues par uv depuis `uv.lock`, execution sous un
+utilisateur non root, sonde de sante integree.
+
+```bash
+docker build -t enervision-backend:local .
+docker run --rm -p 8000:8000 --env-file .env enervision-backend:local
+```

apps/backend/TESTING.md

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+# Conventions de tests unitaires : Backend
+
+## Outil
+
+pytest, avec pytest-asyncio en mode `auto` : un `async def test_*` est collecte sans
+decorateur. Les appels HTTP passent par httpx sur `ASGITransport`, qui parle a
+l'application en memoire, sans serveur ni port ouvert.
+
+## Ou ecrire les tests
+
+`tests/` est le miroir de `app/` : un test de `app/services/consumption.py` va dans
+`tests/services/test_consumption.py`. Les paquets `core`, `db`, `services` et
+`repositories` existent deja, vides, pour cette raison.
+
+## Nommage
+
+- Fonctions en anglais : `test_<sujet>_<comportement>_when_<condition>`.
+- `ids=` de `parametrize` en francais : `ids=["erreur_sqlalchemy", "erreur_reseau"]`.
+- Pas de docstring : le nom porte l'intention.
+
+## Structure attendue (Arrange / Act / Assert)
+
+Une ligne vide separe les trois temps, sans commentaire pour les annoncer.
+
+```python
+async def test_readiness_returns_503_when_the_extension_is_missing(
+    fake_session: Callable[..., None], client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    fake_session(result=None)
+
+    response = await client.get("/api/v1/health/ready")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 503
+    assert response.json()["detail"] == "Extension TimescaleDB absente"
+```
+
+## Ce qui doit etre teste en priorite
+
+Le sens de dependance du backend est `endpoints -> services -> repositories -> models`.
+
+| Couche | Ce qu'on teste |
+|---|---|
+| `services/` | La logique metier, cas nominal et cas d'erreur. C'est la priorite. |
+| `repositories/` | Chaque branche de decision, sous le marqueur `integration`. |
+| `endpoints/` | Le code de statut et la forme de la reponse, pas la logique metier. |
+| `schemas/` | Rien, sauf si le schema porte une validation ecrite a la main. |
+
+## Doubles
+
+On remplace une dependance FastAPI par `app.dependency_overrides`, jamais par
+`unittest.mock`. `tests/factories.py` fournit le necessaire.
+
+- `fake_session(result=...)` : la session repond `result`.
+- `fake_session(failure=...)` : la session leve l'exception.
+- `make_settings(**overrides)` : fabrique une `Settings`, dont les valeurs priment sur
+  l'environnement et sur `.env`. C'est le moyen de tester `create_app` en `prod`.
+
+## Gabarit : un endpoint
+
+```python
+from collections.abc import Callable
+
+from httpx import AsyncClient
+
+
+async def test_endpoint_returns_the_expected_payload(
+    fake_session: Callable[..., None], client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    fake_session(result=42)
+
+    response = await client.get("/api/v1/...")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"valeur": 42}
+```
+
+## Gabarit : un service avec repository factice
+
+Un service ne connait que son repository : on lui en passe un faux, sans base ni session.
+
+```python
+from app.services.consumption import ConsumptionService
+
+
+class FakeRepository:
+    async def total_for(self, site_id: int) -> float:
+        return 12.5
+
+
+async def test_service_converts_the_total_to_kilowatt_hours() -> None:
+    service = ConsumptionService(FakeRepository())
+
+    total = await service.total_kwh(site_id=1)
+
+    assert total == 12.5
+```
+
+## Gabarit : un repository sur la vraie base
+
+Un repository parle du SQL : le tester sur un double ne prouve rien. Il porte donc le
+marqueur `integration`, ecarte par defaut.
+
+```python
+import pytest
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+
+from app.models.site import Site
+from app.repositories.site import SiteRepository
+
+
+@pytest.mark.integration
+async def test_repository_reads_back_what_it_wrote(session: AsyncSession) -> None:
+    repository = SiteRepository(session)
+
+    await repository.add(Site(name="Toulouse"))
+
+    assert await repository.by_name("Toulouse") is not None
+```
+
+## Marqueurs
+
+`integration` designe tout test exigeant une base joignable. `pytest` les ecarte par
+defaut, ce qui garde `make check` jouable sans Docker. Tout autre marqueur doit etre
+declare dans `pyproject.toml` : `--strict-markers` refuse les marqueurs inconnus.
+
+## Couverture
+
+Les branches sont mesurees, pas seulement les lignes. Le seuil de 85 % ne s'applique
+qu'aux cibles qui jouent toute la suite, `make test` et `make test-cov` : un fichier
+joue seul affiche sa couverture sans jamais echouer dessus. Le detail se lit dans
+`htmlcov/index.html` apres `make test-cov`.
+
+## Lancer les tests
+
+```bash
+make test                          # suite unitaire, sans base
+make test-cov                      # idem, plus les rapports HTML, XML et JUnit
+make db-up && make test-integration # tests exigeant une base, demande Docker
+make check                         # lint + typage + suite unitaire
+
+uv run pytest tests/api/test_health.py           # un seul fichier
+uv run pytest -k readiness                       # par motif de nom
+```
+
+## Trois fichiers à connaître avant de toucher à l'authentification
+
+`tests/api/test_route_protection.py` interroge réellement chaque route sans identifiant et
+échoue si l'une d'elles répond autre chose qu'un 401 ou un 403. Il n'inspecte pas l'arbre de
+dépendances : celui-ci n'est accessible que par l'API privée de FastAPI, et surtout une route
+peut porter la bonne dépendance tout en répondant quand même. **Rendre une route publique impose
+donc de modifier la liste `ROUTES_PUBLIQUES` de ce fichier**, ce qui apparaît en clair dans la
+diff d'une pull request.
+
+`tests/services/test_auth.py` donne au faux hacheur un **compteur d'appels**. C'est ce qui rend
+possibles les deux assertions qui prouvent la conception, et qu'aucune autre forme de test
+n'atteint :
+
+- adresse inconnue → le compteur vaut 1, donc le haché leurre a bien été vérifié et il n'y a pas
+  d'oracle temporel ;
+- limite de débit atteinte → le compteur vaut 0, donc la limite est évaluée avant Argon2.
+
+`tests/api/test_parcours_authentification.py` joue six parcours complets contre la vraie base,
+sous le marqueur `integration`, sans serveur ni port ouvert. C'est là que se démontrent
+l'atomicité de la rotation, la mort de la famille au rejeu d'un cookie déjà tourné, et la
+révocation immédiate d'un compte désactivé.
+
+## Deux pièges d'écriture de test
+
+**Lire les attributs avant le `rollback`.** Un `session.rollback()` périme les attributs chargés,
+et les relire déclenche une entrée-sortie hors du contexte greenlet, donc un `MissingGreenlet`.
+On capture la valeur dans une variable locale avant d'annuler.
+
+**`audit_log` ne se nettoie pas.** La table est en ajout seul, garanti par déclencheur : un test
+ne peut pas effacer ce qu'il y écrit, et les lignes d'une exécution précédente sont encore là.
+Chaque test filtre donc sur son propre `target_id` plutôt que de supposer une table vide.

apps/backend/alembic.ini

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+# A generic, single database configuration.
+
+[alembic]
+# path to migration scripts.
+# this is typically a path given in POSIX (e.g. forward slashes)
+# format, relative to the token %(here)s which refers to the location of this
+# ini file
+script_location = %(here)s/alembic
+
+# template used to generate migration file names; The default value is %%(rev)s_%%(slug)s
+# Uncomment the line below if you want the files to be prepended with date and time
+# see https://alembic.sqlalchemy.org/en/latest/tutorial.html#editing-the-ini-file
+# for all available tokens
+# file_template = %%(year)d_%%(month).2d_%%(day).2d_%%(hour).2d%%(minute).2d-%%(rev)s_%%(slug)s
+# Or organize into date-based subdirectories (requires recursive_version_locations = true)
+# file_template = %%(year)d/%%(month).2d/%%(day).2d_%%(hour).2d%%(minute).2d_%%(second).2d_%%(rev)s_%%(slug)s
+
+# sys.path path, will be prepended to sys.path if present.
+# defaults to the current working directory.  for multiple paths, the path separator
+# is defined by "path_separator" below.
+prepend_sys_path = .
+
+# timezone to use when rendering the date within the migration file
+# as well as the filename.
+# If specified, requires the tzdata library which can be installed by adding
+# `alembic[tz]` to the pip requirements.
+# string value is passed to ZoneInfo()
+# leave blank for localtime
+# timezone =
+
+# max length of characters to apply to the "slug" field
+# truncate_slug_length = 40
+
+# set to 'true' to run the environment during
+# the 'revision' command, regardless of autogenerate
+# revision_environment = false
+
+# set to 'true' to allow .pyc and .pyo files without
+# a source .py file to be detected as revisions in the
+# versions/ directory
+# sourceless = false
+
+# version location specification; This defaults
+# to <script_location>/versions.  When using multiple version
+# directories, initial revisions must be specified with --version-path.
+# The path separator used here should be the separator specified by "path_separator"
+# below.
+# version_locations = %(here)s/bar:%(here)s/bat:%(here)s/alembic/versions
+
+# path_separator; This indicates what character is used to split lists of file
+# paths, including version_locations and prepend_sys_path within configparser
+# files such as alembic.ini.
+# The default rendered in new alembic.ini files is "os", which uses os.pathsep
+# to provide os-dependent path splitting.
+#
+# Note that in order to support legacy alembic.ini files, this default does NOT
+# take place if path_separator is not present in alembic.ini.  If this
+# option is omitted entirely, fallback logic is as follows:
+#
+# 1. Parsing of the version_locations option falls back to using the legacy
+#    "version_path_separator" key, which if absent then falls back to the legacy
+#    behavior of splitting on spaces and/or commas.
+# 2. Parsing of the prepend_sys_path option falls back to the legacy
+#    behavior of splitting on spaces, commas, or colons.
+#
+# Valid values for path_separator are:
+#
+# path_separator = :
+# path_separator = ;
+# path_separator = space
+# path_separator = newline
+#
+# Use os.pathsep. Default configuration used for new projects.
+path_separator = os
+
+
+# set to 'true' to search source files recursively
+# in each "version_locations" directory
+# new in Alembic version 1.10
+# recursive_version_locations = false
+
+# the output encoding used when revision files
+# are written from script.py.mako
+# output_encoding = utf-8
+
+# database URL.  This is consumed by the user-maintained env.py script only.
+# other means of configuring database URLs may be customized within the env.py
+# file.
+# L'URL est injectee par alembic/env.py depuis app.core.config.
+sqlalchemy.url =
+
+
+[post_write_hooks]
+# post_write_hooks defines scripts or Python functions that are run
+# on newly generated revision scripts.  See the documentation for further
+# detail and examples
+
+# format using "black" - use the console_scripts runner, against the "black" entrypoint
+# hooks = black
+# black.type = console_scripts
+# black.entrypoint = black
+# black.options = -l 79 REVISION_SCRIPT_FILENAME
+
+# lint with attempts to fix using "ruff" - use the module runner, against the "ruff" module
+# hooks = ruff
+# ruff.type = module
+# ruff.module = ruff
+# ruff.options = check --fix REVISION_SCRIPT_FILENAME
+
+# Alternatively, use the exec runner to execute a binary found on your PATH
+# hooks = ruff
+# ruff.type = exec
+# ruff.executable = ruff
+# ruff.options = check --fix REVISION_SCRIPT_FILENAME
+
+# Logging configuration.  This is also consumed by the user-maintained
+# env.py script only.
+[loggers]
+keys = root,sqlalchemy,alembic
+
+[handlers]
+keys = console
+
+[formatters]
+keys = generic
+
+[logger_root]
+level = WARNING
+handlers = console
+qualname =
+
+[logger_sqlalchemy]
+level = WARNING
+handlers =
+qualname = sqlalchemy.engine
+
+[logger_alembic]
+level = INFO
+handlers =
+qualname = alembic
+
+[handler_console]
+class = StreamHandler
+args = (sys.stderr,)
+level = NOTSET
+formatter = generic
+
+[formatter_generic]
+format = %(levelname)-5.5s [%(name)s] %(message)s
+datefmt = %H:%M:%S

apps/backend/alembic/README

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Generic single-database configuration with an async dbapi.

apps/backend/alembic/env.py

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+import asyncio
+from logging.config import fileConfig
+
+from alembic import context
+from sqlalchemy import pool
+from sqlalchemy.engine import Connection
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import async_engine_from_config
+
+import app.models  # noqa: F401
+from app.core.config import get_settings
+from app.db.base import Base
+
+# this is the Alembic Config object, which provides
+# access to the values within the .ini file in use.
+config = context.config
+
+# Interpret the config file for Python logging.
+# This line sets up loggers basically.
+if config.config_file_name is not None:
+    fileConfig(config.config_file_name)
+
+config.set_main_option("sqlalchemy.url", get_settings().database_url.replace("%", "%%"))
+
+target_metadata = Base.metadata
+
+# other values from the config, defined by the needs of env.py,
+# can be acquired:
+# my_important_option = config.get_main_option("my_important_option")
+# ... etc.
+
+
+def run_migrations_offline() -> None:
+    """Run migrations in 'offline' mode.
+
+    This configures the context with just a URL
+    and not an Engine, though an Engine is acceptable
+    here as well.  By skipping the Engine creation
+    we don't even need a DBAPI to be available.
+
+    Calls to context.execute() here emit the given string to the
+    script output.
+
+    """
+    url = config.get_main_option("sqlalchemy.url")
+    context.configure(
+        url=url,
+        target_metadata=target_metadata,
+        literal_binds=True,
+        dialect_opts={"paramstyle": "named"},
+    )
+
+    with context.begin_transaction():
+        context.run_migrations()
+
+
+def do_run_migrations(connection: Connection) -> None:
+    context.configure(connection=connection, target_metadata=target_metadata)
+
+    with context.begin_transaction():
+        context.run_migrations()
+
+
+async def run_async_migrations() -> None:
+    """In this scenario we need to create an Engine
+    and associate a connection with the context.
+
+    """
+
+    connectable = async_engine_from_config(
+        config.get_section(config.config_ini_section, {}),
+        prefix="sqlalchemy.",
+        poolclass=pool.NullPool,
+    )
+
+    async with connectable.connect() as connection:
+        await connection.run_sync(do_run_migrations)
+
+    await connectable.dispose()
+
+
+def run_migrations_online() -> None:
+    """Run migrations in 'online' mode."""
+
+    asyncio.run(run_async_migrations())
+
+
+if context.is_offline_mode():
+    run_migrations_offline()
+else:
+    run_migrations_online()

apps/backend/alembic/script.py.mako

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+"""${message}
+
+Revision ID: ${up_revision}
+Revises: ${down_revision | comma,n}
+Create Date: ${create_date}
+
+"""
+from typing import Sequence, Union
+
+from alembic import op
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+${imports if imports else ""}
+
+# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
+revision: str = ${repr(up_revision)}
+down_revision: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = ${repr(down_revision)}
+branch_labels: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = ${repr(branch_labels)}
+depends_on: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = ${repr(depends_on)}
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    """Upgrade schema."""
+    ${upgrades if upgrades else "pass"}
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    """Downgrade schema."""
+    ${downgrades if downgrades else "pass"}

apps/backend/alembic/versions/517053a3c044_tentatives_de_connexion_et_journal_d_audit.py

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+"""tentatives de connexion et journal d audit
+
+Revision ID: 517053a3c044
+Revises: b1a7c3d9e240
+Create Date: 2026-09-15 14:31:07.966180
+
+Deux tables aux vocations opposees. `login_attempt` est le compteur de la limitation
+de debit : son volume est pilote par l'attaquant, donc elle se purge. `audit_log` est
+en ajout seul, garanti par deux declencheurs.
+
+Le declencheur TRUNCATE n'est pas redondant : TRUNCATE ne passe pas par les
+declencheurs de ligne. Et RAISE EXCEPTION plutot qu'un RETURN NULL, qui annulerait
+l'operation silencieusement.
+"""
+
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from alembic import op
+from sqlalchemy.dialects import postgresql
+
+revision: str = "517053a3c044"
+down_revision: str | Sequence[str] | None = "b1a7c3d9e240"
+branch_labels: str | Sequence[str] | None = None
+depends_on: str | Sequence[str] | None = None
+
+FONCTION_AJOUT_SEUL = """
+CREATE FUNCTION audit_log_append_only() RETURNS trigger AS $$
+BEGIN
+    RAISE EXCEPTION 'audit_log est en ajout seul : % interdit', TG_OP;
+END
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+"""
+
+DECLENCHEUR_LIGNE = """
+CREATE TRIGGER audit_log_no_update_delete
+    BEFORE UPDATE OR DELETE ON audit_log
+    FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION audit_log_append_only();
+"""
+
+DECLENCHEUR_TRUNCATE = """
+CREATE TRIGGER audit_log_no_truncate
+    BEFORE TRUNCATE ON audit_log
+    FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE FUNCTION audit_log_append_only();
+"""
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    op.create_table(
+        "login_attempt",
+        sa.Column("id", sa.BigInteger(), sa.Identity(always=True), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column(
+            "occurred_at",
+            sa.DateTime(timezone=True),
+            server_default=sa.text("now()"),
+            nullable=False,
+        ),
+        sa.Column("email_tried", sa.String(length=320), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("client_ip", postgresql.INET(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("outcome", sa.Text(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("user_id", sa.UUID(), nullable=True),
+        sa.CheckConstraint(
+            "outcome in ('success', 'bad_credentials', 'throttled', 'inactive')",
+            name="ck_login_attempt_outcome",
+        ),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="pk_login_attempt"),
+    )
+    op.create_index(
+        "ix_login_attempt_email_date", "login_attempt", ["email_tried", "occurred_at"]
+    )
+    op.create_index("ix_login_attempt_ip_date", "login_attempt", ["client_ip", "occurred_at"])
+
+    op.create_table(
+        "audit_log",
+        sa.Column("id", sa.BigInteger(), sa.Identity(always=True), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column(
+            "occurred_at",
+            sa.DateTime(timezone=True),
+            server_default=sa.text("now()"),
+            nullable=False,
+        ),
+        sa.Column("actor_id", sa.UUID(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("actor_email", sa.Text(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("actor_role", sa.Text(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("action", sa.Text(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("target_type", sa.Text(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("target_id", sa.Text(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("outcome", sa.Text(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("client_ip", postgresql.INET(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("user_agent", sa.Text(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column(
+            "detail",
+            postgresql.JSONB(astext_type=sa.Text()),
+            server_default=sa.text("jsonb_build_object()"),
+            nullable=False,
+        ),
+        sa.CheckConstraint("outcome in ('success', 'failure')", name="ck_audit_log_outcome"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="pk_audit_log"),
+    )
+    op.create_index("ix_audit_log_date", "audit_log", ["occurred_at"])
+    op.create_index("ix_audit_log_action_date", "audit_log", ["action", "occurred_at"])
+
+    op.execute(FONCTION_AJOUT_SEUL)
+    op.execute(DECLENCHEUR_LIGNE)
+    op.execute(DECLENCHEUR_TRUNCATE)
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    op.execute("DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS audit_log_no_truncate ON audit_log;")
+    op.execute("DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS audit_log_no_update_delete ON audit_log;")
+    op.execute("DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS audit_log_append_only();")
+
+    op.drop_index("ix_audit_log_action_date", table_name="audit_log")
+    op.drop_index("ix_audit_log_date", table_name="audit_log")
+    op.drop_table("audit_log")
+
+    op.drop_index("ix_login_attempt_ip_date", table_name="login_attempt")
+    op.drop_index("ix_login_attempt_email_date", table_name="login_attempt")
+    op.drop_table("login_attempt")

apps/backend/alembic/versions/5353c0e4f094_socle_garde_extension_timescaledb.py

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+"""socle garde extension timescaledb
+
+Revision ID: 5353c0e4f094
+Revises:
+Create Date: 2026-09-14 14:17:17.556764
+
+Premiere revision du schema applicatif. Elle ne cree aucune table : elle etablit
+alembic_version et refuse de s'appliquer sur une base ou l'extension TimescaleDB
+manque, cas qui se produit quand db/init n'a pas ete joue.
+"""
+
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+from alembic import op
+
+revision: str = "5353c0e4f094"
+down_revision: str | Sequence[str] | None = None
+branch_labels: str | Sequence[str] | None = None
+depends_on: str | Sequence[str] | None = None
+
+GARDE_EXTENSION = """
+DO $$
+BEGIN
+    IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM pg_extension WHERE extname = 'timescaledb') THEN
+        RAISE EXCEPTION 'extension timescaledb absente, voir db/init et db/README.md';
+    END IF;
+END
+$$;
+"""
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    op.execute(GARDE_EXTENSION)
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    pass

apps/backend/alembic/versions/821f71be74c0_jetons_de_rafraichissement.py

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+"""jetons de rafraichissement
+
+Revision ID: 821f71be74c0
+Revises: 517053a3c044
+Create Date: 2026-09-15 14:42:09.757949
+
+Le jeton lui-meme n'est jamais stocke : seule son empreinte SHA-256 l'est, dans
+`token_hash`. Un pg_dump qui fuiterait ne livrerait donc aucune session utilisable.
+
+L'index partiel `ix_refresh_token_vivants` sert la revocation en cascade et la
+recherche des sessions actives, qui ne regardent jamais les lignes deja tournees.
+"""
+
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from alembic import op
+from sqlalchemy.dialects import postgresql
+
+revision: str = "821f71be74c0"
+down_revision: str | Sequence[str] | None = "517053a3c044"
+branch_labels: str | Sequence[str] | None = None
+depends_on: str | Sequence[str] | None = None
+
+MOTIFS = "'logout', 'rotation', 'reuse_detected', 'password_change', 'admin'"
+JETONS_VIVANTS = "revoked_at is null and rotated_at is null"
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    op.create_table(
+        "refresh_token",
+        sa.Column(
+            "id", sa.UUID(), server_default=sa.text("gen_random_uuid()"), nullable=False
+        ),
+        sa.Column("family_id", sa.UUID(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("user_id", sa.UUID(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("token_hash", sa.LargeBinary(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column(
+            "issued_at",
+            sa.DateTime(timezone=True),
+            server_default=sa.text("now()"),
+            nullable=False,
+        ),
+        sa.Column("expires_at", sa.DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("rotated_at", sa.DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("revoked_at", sa.DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("revoked_reason", sa.Text(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("replaced_by", sa.UUID(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("client_ip", postgresql.INET(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("user_agent", sa.Text(), nullable=True),
+        sa.CheckConstraint(
+            f"revoked_reason is null or revoked_reason in ({MOTIFS})",
+            name="ck_refresh_token_revoked_reason",
+        ),
+        sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(
+            ["user_id"], ["app_user.id"], name="fk_refresh_token_user", ondelete="CASCADE"
+        ),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="pk_refresh_token"),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("token_hash", name="uq_refresh_token_hash"),
+    )
+    op.create_index("ix_refresh_token_family", "refresh_token", ["family_id"])
+    op.create_index("ix_refresh_token_user", "refresh_token", ["user_id"])
+    op.create_index(
+        "ix_refresh_token_vivants",
+        "refresh_token",
+        ["user_id"],
+        postgresql_where=JETONS_VIVANTS,
+    )
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    op.drop_index(
+        "ix_refresh_token_vivants", table_name="refresh_token", postgresql_where=JETONS_VIVANTS
+    )
+    op.drop_index("ix_refresh_token_user", table_name="refresh_token")
+    op.drop_index("ix_refresh_token_family", table_name="refresh_token")
+    op.drop_table("refresh_token")

apps/backend/alembic/versions/b1a7c3d9e240_comptes_applicatifs.py

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+"""comptes applicatifs
+
+Revision ID: b1a7c3d9e240
+Revises: 5353c0e4f094
+Create Date: 2026-09-15 14:40:00.000000
+
+Cree `app_user`, la table des comptes humains et de service. Le nom evite `user`,
+mot reserve de PostgreSQL. `gen_random_uuid()` est au coeur de PG17, aucune
+extension n'est necessaire.
+"""
+
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from alembic import op
+from sqlalchemy.dialects import postgresql
+
+revision: str = "b1a7c3d9e240"
+down_revision: str | Sequence[str] | None = "5353c0e4f094"
+branch_labels: str | Sequence[str] | None = None
+depends_on: str | Sequence[str] | None = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    op.create_table(
+        "app_user",
+        sa.Column(
+            "id",
+            postgresql.UUID(as_uuid=True),
+            server_default=sa.text("gen_random_uuid()"),
+            nullable=False,
+        ),
+        sa.Column("email", sa.String(length=320), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("password_hash", sa.Text(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("role", sa.Text(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("kind", sa.Text(), server_default=sa.text("'human'"), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("is_active", sa.Boolean(), server_default=sa.text("true"), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column(
+            "must_change_password", sa.Boolean(), server_default=sa.text("false"), nullable=False
+        ),
+        sa.Column(
+            "credentials_changed_at",
+            sa.DateTime(timezone=True),
+            server_default=sa.text("now()"),
+            nullable=False,
+        ),
+        sa.Column("last_login_at", sa.DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("full_name", sa.Text(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column(
+            "created_at",
+            sa.DateTime(timezone=True),
+            server_default=sa.text("now()"),
+            nullable=False,
+        ),
+        sa.Column(
+            "updated_at",
+            sa.DateTime(timezone=True),
+            server_default=sa.text("now()"),
+            nullable=False,
+        ),
+        sa.CheckConstraint("email = lower(email)", name="ck_app_user_email_minuscule"),
+        sa.CheckConstraint(
+            "role in ('lecteur', 'operateur', 'admin')", name="ck_app_user_role"
+        ),
+        sa.CheckConstraint("kind in ('human', 'service')", name="ck_app_user_kind"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="pk_app_user"),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("email", name="uq_app_user_email"),
+    )
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    op.drop_table("app_user")

apps/backend/alembic/versions/e6d2026091501_create_data_schema.py

@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+"""Création des six tables Data et de l'hypertable reading.
+
+Revision ID: e6d2026091501
+Revises: 821f71be74c0
+"""
+
+from alembic import op
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from sqlalchemy.dialects import postgresql
+
+revision = "e6d2026091501"
+down_revision = "821f71be74c0"
+branch_labels = None
+depends_on = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    # ### commands auto generated by Alembic - please adjust! ###
+    op.create_table(
+        "dataset",
+        sa.Column("dataset_id", sa.BigInteger(), autoincrement=True, nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("dataset_name", sa.Text(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("archive_sha256", sa.String(length=64), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("storage_uri", sa.Text(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("source_timezone", sa.Text(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column(
+            "metadata", postgresql.JSONB(none_as_null=True, astext_type=sa.Text()), nullable=False
+        ),
+        sa.CheckConstraint("dataset_id > 0", name="ck_dataset_positive_id"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("dataset_id"),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("archive_sha256", name="uq_dataset_archive_sha256"),
+    )
+    op.create_table(
+        "site",
+        sa.Column("site_id", sa.Text(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("site_name", sa.Text(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("site_type", sa.Text(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("location", sa.Text(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("capacity_kw", sa.Double(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("status", sa.Text(), nullable=True),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("site_id"),
+    )
+    op.create_table(
+        "prediction",
+        sa.Column("prediction_id", sa.BigInteger(), autoincrement=True, nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("site_id", sa.Text(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column(
+            "created_at",
+            sa.DateTime(timezone=True),
+            server_default=sa.text("now()"),
+            nullable=False,
+        ),
+        sa.Column("target_at", sa.DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("target_metric", sa.Text(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("period_minutes", sa.Integer(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("predicted_value", sa.Double(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("model_reference", sa.Text(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("status", sa.Text(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("failure_reason", sa.Text(), nullable=True),
+        sa.CheckConstraint(
+            "(status = 'available' AND predicted_value IS NOT NULL AND failure_reason IS NULL) OR (status IN ('insufficient_data', 'error') AND predicted_value IS NULL AND failure_reason IS NOT NULL)",
+            name="ck_prediction_status",
+        ),
+        sa.CheckConstraint(
+            "target_metric <> 'consumption_kwh' OR period_minutes IS NOT NULL",
+            name="ck_prediction_energy_period",
+        ),
+        sa.CheckConstraint(
+            "target_metric IN ('consumption_kwh', 'consumption_kw')", name="ck_prediction_metric"
+        ),
+        sa.CheckConstraint(
+            "period_minutes IS NULL OR period_minutes > 0", name="ck_prediction_period"
+        ),
+        sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(
+            ["site_id"], ["site.site_id"], name="fk_prediction_site", ondelete="RESTRICT"
+        ),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("prediction_id"),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("prediction_id", "site_id", name="uq_prediction_id_site"),
+    )
+    op.create_index(
+        "ix_prediction_site_target", "prediction", ["site_id", "target_at"], unique=False
+    )
+    op.create_table(
+        "reading",
+        sa.Column("reading_id", sa.BigInteger(), autoincrement=True, nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("site_id", sa.Text(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("timestamp", sa.DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("source", sa.Text(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("dataset_id", sa.BigInteger(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("consumption_kw", sa.Double(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("consumption_kwh", sa.Double(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("consumption_euros", sa.Numeric(precision=14, scale=2), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("voltage_v", sa.Double(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("current_a", sa.Double(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("power_factor", sa.Double(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("temperature_celsius", sa.Double(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("humidity_percent", sa.Double(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("solar_irradiance_wm2", sa.Double(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("is_working_hours", sa.Boolean(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("data_quality", sa.Text(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("null_reasons", postgresql.ARRAY(sa.Text()), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column(
+            "imputed_values", postgresql.JSONB(none_as_null=True, astext_type=sa.Text()), nullable=True
+        ),
+        sa.Column("imputation_method", sa.Text(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column(
+            "ingested_at",
+            sa.DateTime(timezone=True),
+            server_default=sa.text("now()"),
+            nullable=False,
+        ),
+        sa.Column(
+            "raw_data", postgresql.JSONB(none_as_null=True, astext_type=sa.Text()), nullable=False
+        ),
+        sa.CheckConstraint(
+            "(source = 'csv' AND dataset_id IS NOT NULL) OR (source IN ('api_current', 'api_history') AND dataset_id IS NULL)",
+            name="ck_reading_dataset_source",
+        ),
+        sa.CheckConstraint(
+            "data_quality IS NULL OR data_quality IN ('good', 'partial', 'degraded', 'critical')",
+            name="ck_reading_quality",
+        ),
+        sa.CheckConstraint(
+            "source IN ('csv', 'api_current', 'api_history')", name="ck_reading_source"
+        ),
+        sa.CheckConstraint(
+            "(imputed_values IS NULL AND imputation_method IS NULL) OR (imputed_values IS NOT NULL AND imputation_method IS NOT NULL)",
+            name="ck_reading_imputation",
+        ),
+        sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(
+            ["dataset_id"], ["dataset.dataset_id"], name="fk_reading_dataset", ondelete="RESTRICT"
+        ),
+        sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(
+            ["site_id"], ["site.site_id"], name="fk_reading_site", ondelete="RESTRICT"
+        ),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("reading_id", "timestamp"),
+    )
+    op.create_index("ix_reading_dataset_id", "reading", ["dataset_id"], unique=False)
+    op.create_index(
+        "ix_reading_site_timestamp", "reading", ["site_id", "timestamp"], unique=False
+    )
+    op.create_index(
+        "uq_reading_source",
+        "reading",
+        ["site_id", "timestamp", "source", sa.literal_column("coalesce(dataset_id, 0)")],
+        unique=True,
+    )
+    op.execute(
+        "SELECT create_hypertable('reading', by_range('timestamp'), create_default_indexes => FALSE)"
+    )
+    op.create_table(
+        "alert",
+        sa.Column("alert_id", sa.BigInteger(), autoincrement=True, nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("source_alert_id", sa.Text(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("site_id", sa.Text(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("source", sa.Text(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("timestamp", sa.DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("type", sa.Text(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("severity", sa.Text(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("message", sa.Text(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("value", sa.Double(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("threshold", sa.Double(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("metric", sa.Text(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("prediction_id", sa.BigInteger(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column(
+            "raw_data", postgresql.JSONB(none_as_null=True, astext_type=sa.Text()), nullable=False
+        ),
+        sa.CheckConstraint(
+            "severity IN ('low', 'medium', 'high', 'critical')", name="ck_alert_severity"
+        ),
+        sa.CheckConstraint("source IN ('api_mock', 'enervision')", name="ck_alert_source"),
+        sa.CheckConstraint(
+            "type IN ('spike', 'threshold', 'anomaly', 'outage', 'sensor')", name="ck_alert_type"
+        ),
+        sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(
+            ["prediction_id", "site_id"],
+            ["prediction.prediction_id", "prediction.site_id"],
+            name="fk_alert_prediction_site",
+            ondelete="RESTRICT",
+        ),
+        sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(
+            ["site_id"], ["site.site_id"], name="fk_alert_site", ondelete="RESTRICT"
+        ),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("alert_id"),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint(
+            "source", "site_id", "source_alert_id", name="uq_alert_source_reference"
+        ),
+    )
+    op.create_index("ix_alert_site_timestamp", "alert", ["site_id", "timestamp"], unique=False)
+    op.create_table(
+        "recommendation",
+        sa.Column("recommendation_id", sa.BigInteger(), autoincrement=True, nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("alert_id", sa.BigInteger(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("action", sa.Text(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("explanation", sa.Text(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("rule_reference", sa.Text(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column(
+            "created_at",
+            sa.DateTime(timezone=True),
+            server_default=sa.text("now()"),
+            nullable=False,
+        ),
+        sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(
+            ["alert_id"], ["alert.alert_id"], name="fk_recommendation_alert", ondelete="RESTRICT"
+        ),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("recommendation_id"),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("alert_id", "rule_reference", name="uq_recommendation_alert_rule"),
+    )
+    # ### end Alembic commands ###
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    op.drop_table("recommendation")
+    op.drop_table("alert")
+    op.drop_table("reading")
+    op.drop_table("prediction")
+    op.drop_table("site")
+    op.drop_table("dataset")

apps/backend/app/api/deps.py

@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+# Piège : `get_current_principal()` relit le compte en base à chaque requête au lieu de faire
+# confiance aux claims. C'est le renoncement assumé à la propriété « sans état » : sur un seul
+# service et une seule base, elle n'achetait rien, et la lecture par clé primaire coûte moins
+# d'un pour cent du budget d'une requête. Ce qu'elle achète, c'est la révocation immédiate.
+# Piège : le `Principal` est construit depuis la ligne, jamais depuis le claim `role`. Un claim
+# périmé ne peut donc pas provoquer d'élévation de privilège.
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from datetime import timedelta
+from functools import lru_cache
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from fastapi import Depends, HTTPException, Request, status
+from fastapi.security import HTTPAuthorizationCredentials, HTTPBearer
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+
+from app.core.config import Settings, get_settings
+from app.core.hashing import Argon2Hasher, build_hasher
+from app.core.principal import Principal
+from app.core.roles import AccountKind, Role, has_at_least
+from app.core.security import TokenExpiredError, TokenInvalidError, TokenPolicy
+from app.core.security import decode_access_token as decode_token
+from app.db.session import get_session
+from app.repositories.alert import AlertRepository
+from app.repositories.audit_log import AuditLogRepository
+from app.repositories.login_attempt import LoginAttemptRepository
+from app.repositories.reading import ReadingRepository
+from app.repositories.recommendation import RecommendationRepository
+from app.repositories.refresh_token import RefreshTokenRepository
+from app.repositories.site import SiteRepository
+from app.repositories.user import UserRepository
+from app.services.alert import AlertService
+from app.services.auth import AuthService, LoginPolicy
+from app.services.recommendation import RecommendationService
+from app.services.site import SiteService
+from app.services.stats import StatsService
+from app.services.user import UserService
+
+SessionDep = Annotated[AsyncSession, Depends(get_session)]
+SettingsDep = Annotated[Settings, Depends(get_settings)]
+
+CODE_CHANGEMENT_REQUIS = "password_change_required"
+
+_porteur = HTTPBearer(auto_error=False, scheme_name="Jeton d'accès")
+CredentialsDep = Annotated[HTTPAuthorizationCredentials | None, Depends(_porteur)]
+
+
+def _non_authentifie(description: str) -> HTTPException:
+    return HTTPException(
+        status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
+        detail="Authentification requise",
+        headers={"WWW-Authenticate": f'Bearer error="{description}"'},
+    )
+
+
+def get_token_policy(settings: SettingsDep) -> TokenPolicy:
+    return TokenPolicy(
+        secret=settings.secret_key.get_secret_value(),
+        issuer=settings.jwt_issuer,
+        audience=settings.jwt_audience,
+        access_ttl=timedelta(seconds=settings.access_token_ttl_seconds),
+    )
+
+
+# Construire un `Argon2Hasher` calcule un haché leurre, donc 17 ms : il est mis en cache sur
+# les paramètres plutôt que reconstruit à chaque requête.
+@lru_cache
+def _hasher_cache(
+    time_cost: int, memory_cost_kib: int, parallelism: int, max_concurrency: int
+) -> Argon2Hasher:
+    return build_hasher(
+        time_cost=time_cost,
+        memory_cost_kib=memory_cost_kib,
+        parallelism=parallelism,
+        max_concurrency=max_concurrency,
+    )
+
+
+def get_hasher(settings: SettingsDep) -> Argon2Hasher:
+    return _hasher_cache(
+        settings.argon2_time_cost,
+        settings.argon2_memory_cost_kib,
+        settings.argon2_parallelism,
+        settings.argon2_max_concurrency,
+    )
+
+
+def get_client_ip(request: Request, settings: SettingsDep) -> str | None:
+    # Derrière un proxy, `request.client.host` vaut l'IP du proxy : le compteur par IP
+    # deviendrait global, donc un déni de service auto-infligé. Le dernier élément est le seul
+    # qu'un proxy de confiance ait écrit, les précédents sont fournis par le client.
+    if settings.trust_proxy_headers:
+        transmis = request.headers.get("x-forwarded-for")
+        if transmis:
+            return transmis.split(",")[-1].strip()
+    return request.client.host if request.client else None
+
+
+def get_auth_service(
+    session: SessionDep,
+    settings: SettingsDep,
+    hasher: Annotated[Argon2Hasher, Depends(get_hasher)],
+    token_policy: Annotated[TokenPolicy, Depends(get_token_policy)],
+) -> AuthService:
+    return AuthService(
+        users=UserRepository(session),
+        attempts=LoginAttemptRepository(session),
+        refresh_tokens=RefreshTokenRepository(session),
+        audit=AuditLogRepository(session),
+        hasher=hasher,
+        transaction=session,
+        token_policy=token_policy,
+        login_policy=LoginPolicy(
+            window_seconds=settings.login_window_seconds,
+            max_failures_per_identifier_and_ip=(settings.login_max_failures_per_identifier_and_ip),
+            max_failures_per_ip=settings.login_max_failures_per_ip,
+            max_failures_per_identifier=settings.login_max_failures_per_identifier,
+        ),
+        refresh_ttl=timedelta(seconds=settings.refresh_token_ttl_seconds),
+    )
+
+
+AuthServiceDep = Annotated[AuthService, Depends(get_auth_service)]
+
+
+def get_user_service(
+    session: SessionDep,
+    hasher: Annotated[Argon2Hasher, Depends(get_hasher)],
+) -> UserService:
+    return UserService(
+        users=UserRepository(session),
+        refresh_tokens=RefreshTokenRepository(session),
+        audit=AuditLogRepository(session),
+        hasher=hasher,
+        transaction=session,
+    )
+
+
+UserServiceDep = Annotated[UserService, Depends(get_user_service)]
+
+
+def get_site_service(session: SessionDep) -> SiteService:
+    return SiteService(sites=SiteRepository(session))
+
+
+SiteServiceDep = Annotated[SiteService, Depends(get_site_service)]
+
+
+def get_alert_service(session: SessionDep) -> AlertService:
+    return AlertService(alerts=AlertRepository(session))
+
+
+AlertServiceDep = Annotated[AlertService, Depends(get_alert_service)]
+
+
+def get_recommendation_service(session: SessionDep) -> RecommendationService:
+    return RecommendationService(recommendations=RecommendationRepository(session))
+
+
+RecommendationServiceDep = Annotated[RecommendationService, Depends(get_recommendation_service)]
+
+
+def get_stats_service(session: SessionDep) -> StatsService:
+    return StatsService(sites=SiteRepository(session), readings=ReadingRepository(session))
+
+
+StatsServiceDep = Annotated[StatsService, Depends(get_stats_service)]
+
+
+async def get_current_principal(
+    credentials: CredentialsDep,
+    session: SessionDep,
+    token_policy: Annotated[TokenPolicy, Depends(get_token_policy)],
+) -> Principal:
+    if credentials is None:
+        raise _non_authentifie("invalid_request")
+
+    try:
+        claims = decode_token(token_policy, credentials.credentials)
+    except TokenExpiredError as erreur:
+        raise _non_authentifie("expired") from erreur
+    except TokenInvalidError as erreur:
+        raise _non_authentifie("invalid_token") from erreur
+
+    compte = await UserRepository(session).get_by_id(claims.subject)
+    if compte is None or not compte.is_active:
+        raise _non_authentifie("invalid_token")
+    # Piège : `iat` est une date JWT, donc en secondes entières. Comparer sans tronquer le
+    # marqueur rejetterait tout jeton émis dans la même seconde que le changement, c'est-à-dire
+    # celui que `/auth/password` vient de rendre pour garder l'appareil courant connecté.
+    if int(claims.issued_at.timestamp()) < int(compte.credentials_changed_at.timestamp()):
+        raise _non_authentifie("token_stale")
+    if claims.role != compte.role:
+        raise _non_authentifie("token_stale")
+
+    return Principal(
+        id=compte.id,
+        email=compte.email,
+        role=Role(compte.role),
+        kind=AccountKind(compte.kind),
+        must_change_password=compte.must_change_password,
+    )
+
+
+CurrentPrincipalDep = Annotated[Principal, Depends(get_current_principal)]
+
+
+def require_role(minimum: Role) -> Callable[[Principal], Principal]:
+    def garde(principal: CurrentPrincipalDep) -> Principal:
+        if principal.must_change_password:
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN, detail=CODE_CHANGEMENT_REQUIS
+            )
+        if not has_at_least(principal.role, minimum):
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN, detail="Droits insuffisants")
+        return principal
+
+    return garde
+
+
+LecteurDep = Annotated[Principal, Depends(require_role(Role.LECTEUR))]
+OperateurDep = Annotated[Principal, Depends(require_role(Role.OPERATEUR))]
+AdminDep = Annotated[Principal, Depends(require_role(Role.ADMIN))]
+
+
+def require_trusted_origin(request: Request, settings: SettingsDep) -> None:
+    # Un navigateur envoie toujours `Origin` sur une requête non sûre. Son absence signale un
+    # client hors navigateur, qui ne détient aucun cookie de victime : rien à protéger.
+    origine = request.headers.get("origin")
+    if origine is None:
+        return
+    if origine not in settings.allowed_origins:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN, detail="Origine refusée")

apps/backend/app/api/errors.py

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# Piège : la réponse 422 par défaut de FastAPI contient la clé `input`, c'est-à-dire la valeur
+# rejetée. Sur `/auth/login`, un corps malformé renverrait donc le mot de passe au client et le
+# déposerait dans les journaux d'erreur. `validation_error_handler()` ne laisse passer que le
+# champ fautif et le type d'erreur.
+
+import uuid
+from typing import Any
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Request, status
+from fastapi.exceptions import RequestValidationError
+from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
+
+from app.core.logging import get_logger
+
+logger = get_logger(__name__)
+
+
+async def validation_error_handler(_: Request, exception: RequestValidationError) -> JSONResponse:
+    champs: list[dict[str, Any]] = [
+        {
+            "champ": ".".join(str(element) for element in erreur["loc"]),
+            "type": erreur["type"],
+        }
+        for erreur in exception.errors()
+    ]
+    return JSONResponse(
+        status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_CONTENT, content={"detail": champs}
+    )
+
+
+async def unhandled_error_handler(request: Request, exception: Exception) -> JSONResponse:
+    correlation = uuid.uuid4().hex
+    logger.exception(
+        "erreur non gérée correlation=%s methode=%s chemin=%s",
+        correlation,
+        request.method,
+        request.url.path,
+    )
+    return JSONResponse(
+        status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+        content={"detail": "Erreur interne", "correlation": correlation},
+    )
+
+
+def register_error_handlers(application: FastAPI) -> None:
+    application.add_exception_handler(RequestValidationError, validation_error_handler)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    application.add_exception_handler(Exception, unhandled_error_handler)

apps/backend/app/api/middleware.py

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# Pourquoi : `SecurityHeadersMiddleware` ne pose ni HSTS ni CSP, et c'est délibéré.
+# L'application ignore si TLS termine devant elle, donc elle ne peut pas décider d'un HSTS ;
+# et une CSP sur une API JSON ne protège presque rien, celle qui compte protège la page
+# Angular. Les deux appartiennent au terminateur TLS.
+# Contrainte : `/docs` charge Swagger depuis un CDN, une CSP stricte ici casserait la
+# documentation sans rien sécuriser.
+
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable
+from typing import Final
+
+from starlette.middleware.base import BaseHTTPMiddleware
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.responses import Response
+
+EN_TETES: Final[dict[str, str]] = {
+    "X-Content-Type-Options": "nosniff",
+    "X-Frame-Options": "DENY",
+    "Referrer-Policy": "no-referrer",
+}
+
+PREFIXE_AUTHENTIFICATION: Final = "/auth"
+
+
+class SecurityHeadersMiddleware(BaseHTTPMiddleware):
+    async def dispatch(
+        self, request: Request, call_next: Callable[[Request], Awaitable[Response]]
+    ) -> Response:
+        response = await call_next(request)
+        for nom, valeur in EN_TETES.items():
+            response.headers.setdefault(nom, valeur)
+
+        # Une réponse d'authentification ne doit jamais être conservée par un intermédiaire.
+        if PREFIXE_AUTHENTIFICATION in request.url.path:
+            response.headers["Cache-Control"] = "no-store"
+        return response

apps/backend/app/api/openapi.py

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+# Piège : `cookie_de_rafraichissement` est purement documentaire, d'où son `auto_error=False`.
+# Avec la valeur par défaut, FastAPI répondrait 403 avant d'atteindre `lit_le_cookie()`, et
+# `/auth/refresh` cesserait de rendre le 401 que le frontend attend.
+
+from typing import Any, Final
+
+from fastapi.security import APIKeyCookie
+
+from app.core.config import REFRESH_COOKIE_DEFAUT
+from app.schemas.errors import ErrorResponse, InternalErrorResponse, ValidationErrorResponse
+
+Reponses = dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]]
+
+SUMMARY: Final = "Collecte, analyse et restitution de séries temporelles énergétiques."
+
+DESCRIPTION: Final = """
+Toutes les routes sont préfixées par `/api/v1`.
+
+**Authentification.** Le jeton d'accès se présente dans l'en-tête `Authorization: Bearer ...`.
+Le jeton de rafraîchissement est un cookie `HttpOnly` que le code client ne voit jamais : il
+suffit d'émettre les requêtes avec les identifiants de session. `POST /auth/refresh` rend un
+nouveau jeton d'accès et fait tourner le cookie.
+
+**Rôles.** `lecteur`, puis `operateur`, puis `admin`. Chaque rôle couvre les droits du
+précédent.
+
+**Erreurs.** Le corps porte toujours une clé `detail`. Un `403` dont le `detail` vaut
+`password_change_required` n'est pas un refus de droits : il exige le changement du mot de passe
+provisoire avant toute autre action.
+
+Le parcours de session complet est décrit dans
+`docs/architecture/31-contrat-authentification.md`.
+"""
+
+TAGS: Final[list[dict[str, Any]]] = [
+    {
+        "name": "health",
+        "description": (
+            "Sondes d'infrastructure, publiques. `live` prouve que le processus répond, `ready` "
+            "que la base répond et que l'extension TimescaleDB est chargée."
+        ),
+    },
+    {
+        "name": "auth",
+        "description": (
+            "Ouverture, rotation et fermeture de session, et changement de son propre mot de passe."
+        ),
+    },
+    {
+        "name": "users",
+        "description": "Administration des comptes. Réservé au rôle `admin`.",
+    },
+    {
+        "name": "sites",
+        "description": "Consultation du parc de sites. Accessible à partir du rôle `lecteur`.",
+    },
+    {
+        "name": "alerts",
+        "description": "Consultation des alertes de consommation. Accessible à partir du rôle "
+        "`lecteur`.",
+    },
+    {
+        "name": "recommendations",
+        "description": (
+            "Consultation des recommandations issues des alertes. Accessible à partir du rôle "
+            "`lecteur`."
+        ),
+    },
+    {
+        "name": "stats",
+        "description": "Statistiques agrégées de consommation. Accessible à partir du rôle "
+        "`lecteur`.",
+    },
+]
+
+cookie_de_rafraichissement = APIKeyCookie(
+    name=REFRESH_COOKIE_DEFAUT,
+    scheme_name="Cookie de rafraîchissement",
+    description=(
+        "Cookie `HttpOnly` posé par `/auth/login` et tourné par `/auth/refresh`. Il prend le "
+        "préfixe `__Secure-` dès que l'API tourne derrière TLS, et n'est émis que vers "
+        "`/api/v1/auth`."
+    ),
+    auto_error=False,
+)
+
+# Le 422 n'est déclaré que sur les routes qui acceptent un corps ou un paramètre : ailleurs,
+# aucune validation ne peut échouer et l'annoncer serait faux.
+REPONSE_VALIDATION: Final[Reponses] = {
+    422: {
+        "model": ValidationErrorResponse,
+        "description": (
+            "Corps invalide. Le détail nomme le champ fautif et le type d'erreur, jamais la "
+            "valeur envoyée."
+        ),
+    },
+}
+
+REPONSE_SERVEUR: Final[Reponses] = {
+    500: {
+        "model": InternalErrorResponse,
+        "description": (
+            "Erreur interne. `correlation` identifie la trace côté serveur, qui n'est pas "
+            "renvoyée au client."
+        ),
+    },
+}
+
+REPONSE_INDISPONIBLE: Final[Reponses] = {
+    503: {
+        "model": ErrorResponse,
+        "description": "Base injoignable, ou extension TimescaleDB absente de la base.",
+    },
+}
+
+REPONSES_AUTHENTIFIEES: Final[Reponses] = {
+    401: {
+        "model": ErrorResponse,
+        "description": (
+            "Jeton absent, illisible, périmé, ou rendu caduc par un changement de rôle ou une "
+            "désactivation. L'en-tête `WWW-Authenticate` porte la cause dans `error=`."
+        ),
+    },
+}
+
+REPONSES_ADMIN: Final[Reponses] = {
+    **REPONSES_AUTHENTIFIEES,
+    403: {
+        "model": ErrorResponse,
+        "description": (
+            "Droits insuffisants, ou mot de passe provisoire à changer quand `detail` vaut "
+            "`password_change_required`."
+        ),
+    },
+}
+
+# `lecteur` est le rôle minimum : `require_role` n'y refuse jamais un 403 pour droits
+# insuffisants, seulement pour le mot de passe provisoire.
+REPONSES_LECTEUR: Final[Reponses] = {
+    **REPONSES_AUTHENTIFIEES,
+    403: {
+        "model": ErrorResponse,
+        "description": (
+            "Mot de passe provisoire à changer (`detail` vaut `password_change_required`)."
+        ),
+    },
+}
+
+REPONSE_ORIGINE_REFUSEE: Final[Reponses] = {
+    403: {
+        "model": ErrorResponse,
+        "description": "Origine non autorisée (protection CSRF de `require_trusted_origin`).",
+    },
+}

apps/backend/app/api/security.py

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# Pourquoi : `/metrics` est protégé par un jeton statique et non par un rôle applicatif. Coupler
+# la supervision au modèle d'utilisateurs casserait la collecte à chaque panne
+# d'authentification, c'est-à-dire précisément quand on a besoin des métriques. Le vrai contrôle
+# reste le réseau : Prometheus scrute sur le réseau interne et `/metrics` ne sort pas.
+
+import secrets
+
+from fastapi import HTTPException, Request, status
+
+from app.api.deps import SettingsDep
+
+
+def require_metrics_token(request: Request, settings: SettingsDep) -> None:
+    attendu = settings.metrics_token
+    if attendu is None:
+        return
+
+    presente = request.headers.get("authorization", "")
+    prefixe = "Bearer "
+    if not presente.startswith(prefixe) or not secrets.compare_digest(
+        presente[len(prefixe) :], attendu.get_secret_value()
+    ):
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, detail="Jeton requis")

apps/backend/app/api/v1/endpoints/alerts.py

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+from fastapi import APIRouter
+
+from app.api.deps import AlertServiceDep, LecteurDep
+from app.api.openapi import REPONSE_VALIDATION
+from app.schemas.alert import AlertResponse, AlertSeverity
+
+router = APIRouter()
+
+
+@router.get(
+    "",
+    response_model=list[AlertResponse],
+    summary="Liste les alertes",
+    responses=REPONSE_VALIDATION,
+)
+async def list_alerts(
+    _: LecteurDep,
+    service: AlertServiceDep,
+    site_id: str | None = None,
+    severity: AlertSeverity | None = None,
+) -> list[AlertResponse]:
+    alertes = await service.list_all(site_id=site_id, severity=severity)
+    return [AlertResponse.model_validate(alerte) for alerte in alertes]

apps/backend/app/api/v1/endpoints/auth.py

@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+# Piège : le jeton de rafraîchissement ne quitte jamais le cookie httpOnly, et le jeton
+# d'accès ne va jamais dans un cookie. C'est ce qui réduit la surface CSRF aux trois routes de
+# ce module : partout ailleurs, le navigateur n'attache rien de lui-même.
+
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException, Request, Response, status
+
+from app.api.deps import (
+    AuthServiceDep,
+    CurrentPrincipalDep,
+    SettingsDep,
+    get_client_ip,
+    require_trusted_origin,
+)
+from app.api.openapi import (
+    REPONSE_ORIGINE_REFUSEE,
+    REPONSE_VALIDATION,
+    REPONSES_AUTHENTIFIEES,
+    Reponses,
+    cookie_de_rafraichissement,
+)
+from app.core.cookies import RefreshCookie, cookie_name
+from app.core.logging import get_logger
+from app.schemas.auth import (
+    LoginRequest,
+    PasswordChangeRequest,
+    PrincipalResponse,
+    TokenResponse,
+)
+from app.schemas.errors import ErrorResponse
+from app.services.auth import (
+    AuthenticatedSession,
+    InvalidCredentialsError,
+    RateLimitedError,
+    SessionRejectedError,
+)
+
+router = APIRouter()
+logger = get_logger(__name__)
+
+DETAIL_IDENTIFIANTS = "Identifiants invalides"
+DETAIL_SESSION = "Session invalide"
+
+REPONSES_LOGIN: Reponses = {
+    **REPONSE_VALIDATION,
+    401: {
+        "model": ErrorResponse,
+        "description": (
+            "Identifiants faux, compte inconnu ou compte désactivé. Le message est le même dans "
+            "les trois cas, et n'apprend donc rien sur l'existence du compte."
+        ),
+    },
+    429: {
+        "model": ErrorResponse,
+        "description": "Trop de tentatives sur cette fenêtre glissante.",
+        "headers": {
+            "Retry-After": {
+                "description": "Secondes à attendre avant une nouvelle tentative.",
+                "schema": {"type": "integer"},
+            }
+        },
+    },
+}
+
+REPONSES_REFRESH: Reponses = {
+    **REPONSE_ORIGINE_REFUSEE,
+    401: {
+        "model": ErrorResponse,
+        "description": (
+            "Cookie absent, session expirée, révoquée, ou jeton déjà tourné. Dans ce dernier cas "
+            "toute la famille de sessions est révoquée et le cookie est effacé avec la réponse."
+        ),
+    },
+}
+
+REPONSES_LOGOUT: Reponses = {**REPONSE_ORIGINE_REFUSEE}
+
+REPONSES_LOGOUT_ALL: Reponses = {**REPONSES_AUTHENTIFIEES, **REPONSE_ORIGINE_REFUSEE}
+
+REPONSES_MOT_DE_PASSE: Reponses = {
+    **REPONSE_VALIDATION,
+    **REPONSE_ORIGINE_REFUSEE,
+    401: {
+        "model": ErrorResponse,
+        "description": "Jeton d'accès invalide, ou mot de passe courant faux.",
+    },
+}
+
+
+def repond(
+    response: Response, settings: SettingsDep, session: AuthenticatedSession
+) -> TokenResponse:
+    response.headers["Cache-Control"] = "no-store"
+    response.set_cookie(**RefreshCookie.build(settings, session.refresh_secret).as_kwargs())
+    return TokenResponse(
+        access_token=session.access_token,
+        expires_in=session.expires_in,
+        principal=PrincipalResponse.from_principal(session.principal),
+    )
+
+
+# Piège : une `HTTPException` construit sa propre réponse, donc tout en-tête posé sur la
+# `Response` injectée est perdu. L'effacement du cookie doit voyager avec l'exception,
+# sans quoi un navigateur garderait un cookie mort après une détection de réutilisation.
+def entete_de_suppression(settings: SettingsDep) -> str:
+    temoin = Response()
+    temoin.delete_cookie(**RefreshCookie.expired(settings).as_deletion_kwargs())
+    return temoin.headers["set-cookie"]
+
+
+def lit_le_cookie(request: Request, settings: SettingsDep) -> str:
+    secret = request.cookies.get(cookie_name(settings))
+    if not secret:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, detail=DETAIL_SESSION)
+    return secret
+
+
+@router.post(
+    "/login",
+    response_model=TokenResponse,
+    summary="Ouvre une session",
+    responses=REPONSES_LOGIN,
+)
+async def login(
+    payload: LoginRequest,
+    request: Request,
+    response: Response,
+    settings: SettingsDep,
+    service: AuthServiceDep,
+    client_ip: str | None = Depends(get_client_ip),
+) -> TokenResponse:
+    response.headers["Cache-Control"] = "no-store"
+    agent = request.headers.get("user-agent")
+
+    try:
+        session = await service.authenticate(
+            email=payload.email, password=payload.password, client_ip=client_ip, user_agent=agent
+        )
+    except RateLimitedError as erreur:
+        logger.warning("auth.rate_limited email=%s ip=%s", payload.email, client_ip)
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_429_TOO_MANY_REQUESTS,
+            detail="Trop de tentatives, réessayez plus tard",
+            headers={"Retry-After": str(erreur.retry_after)},
+        ) from erreur
+    except InvalidCredentialsError as erreur:
+        logger.warning("auth.login.failure email=%s ip=%s", payload.email, client_ip)
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, detail=DETAIL_IDENTIFIANTS
+        ) from erreur
+
+    logger.info("auth.login.success user_id=%s ip=%s", session.principal.id, client_ip)
+    return repond(response, settings, session)
+
+
+@router.post(
+    "/refresh",
+    response_model=TokenResponse,
+    summary="Fait tourner la session",
+    dependencies=[Depends(require_trusted_origin), Depends(cookie_de_rafraichissement)],
+    responses=REPONSES_REFRESH,
+)
+async def refresh(
+    request: Request,
+    response: Response,
+    settings: SettingsDep,
+    service: AuthServiceDep,
+    client_ip: str | None = Depends(get_client_ip),
+) -> TokenResponse:
+    response.headers["Cache-Control"] = "no-store"
+
+    try:
+        session = await service.refresh(
+            secret=lit_le_cookie(request, settings),
+            client_ip=client_ip,
+            user_agent=request.headers.get("user-agent"),
+        )
+    except SessionRejectedError as erreur:
+        logger.warning("auth.refresh.rejected ip=%s", client_ip)
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
+            detail=DETAIL_SESSION,
+            headers={
+                "Set-Cookie": entete_de_suppression(settings),
+                "Cache-Control": "no-store",
+            },
+        ) from erreur
+
+    return repond(response, settings, session)
+
+
+@router.post(
+    "/logout",
+    status_code=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT,
+    summary="Ferme la session courante",
+    dependencies=[Depends(require_trusted_origin), Depends(cookie_de_rafraichissement)],
+    responses=REPONSES_LOGOUT,
+)
+async def logout(
+    request: Request, response: Response, settings: SettingsDep, service: AuthServiceDep
+) -> None:
+    response.headers["Cache-Control"] = "no-store"
+    secret = request.cookies.get(cookie_name(settings))
+    if secret:
+        await service.logout(secret=secret)
+    response.delete_cookie(**RefreshCookie.expired(settings).as_deletion_kwargs())
+
+
+@router.post(
+    "/logout-all",
+    status_code=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT,
+    summary="Ferme toutes les sessions du compte",
+    dependencies=[Depends(require_trusted_origin)],
+    responses=REPONSES_LOGOUT_ALL,
+)
+async def logout_all(
+    principal: CurrentPrincipalDep,
+    response: Response,
+    settings: SettingsDep,
+    service: AuthServiceDep,
+) -> None:
+    response.headers["Cache-Control"] = "no-store"
+    revoquees = await service.logout_all(principal)
+    logger.info("auth.logout_all user_id=%s sessions=%s", principal.id, revoquees)
+    response.delete_cookie(**RefreshCookie.expired(settings).as_deletion_kwargs())
+
+
+@router.get(
+    "/me",
+    response_model=PrincipalResponse,
+    summary="Décrit le compte connecté",
+    responses=REPONSES_AUTHENTIFIEES,
+)
+async def me(principal: CurrentPrincipalDep) -> PrincipalResponse:
+    return PrincipalResponse.from_principal(principal)
+
+
+@router.post(
+    "/password",
+    response_model=TokenResponse,
+    summary="Change son propre mot de passe",
+    dependencies=[Depends(require_trusted_origin)],
+    responses=REPONSES_MOT_DE_PASSE,
+)
+async def change_password(
+    payload: PasswordChangeRequest,
+    principal: CurrentPrincipalDep,
+    request: Request,
+    response: Response,
+    settings: SettingsDep,
+    service: AuthServiceDep,
+    client_ip: str | None = Depends(get_client_ip),
+) -> TokenResponse:
+    response.headers["Cache-Control"] = "no-store"
+
+    try:
+        session = await service.change_password(
+            principal=principal,
+            current_password=payload.current_password,
+            new_password=payload.new_password,
+            client_ip=client_ip,
+            user_agent=request.headers.get("user-agent"),
+        )
+    except InvalidCredentialsError as erreur:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, detail=DETAIL_IDENTIFIANTS
+        ) from erreur
+
+    logger.info("auth.password_changed user_id=%s", principal.id)
+    return repond(response, settings, session)

apps/backend/app/api/v1/endpoints/health.py

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+from fastapi import APIRouter, HTTPException, status
+from sqlalchemy import text
+from sqlalchemy.exc import SQLAlchemyError
+
+from app.api.deps import SessionDep, SettingsDep
+from app.api.openapi import REPONSE_INDISPONIBLE
+from app.core.logging import get_logger
+from app.schemas.health import LivenessStatus, ReadinessStatus
+
+logger = get_logger(__name__)
+router = APIRouter()
+
+TIMESCALEDB_VERSION = text("SELECT extversion FROM pg_extension WHERE extname = 'timescaledb'")
+
+
+@router.get("/live", summary="Sonde de vivacité")
+async def liveness(settings: SettingsDep) -> LivenessStatus:
+    return LivenessStatus(
+        status="ok",
+        service=settings.name,
+        version=settings.version,
+        environment=settings.env,
+    )
+
+
+@router.get("/ready", summary="Sonde de disponibilité", responses=REPONSE_INDISPONIBLE)
+async def readiness(session: SessionDep) -> ReadinessStatus:
+    try:
+        version: str | None = await session.scalar(TIMESCALEDB_VERSION)
+    # `# fmt: skip` contourne un bug de ruff format 0.16.7 : il retire les parenthèses de ce
+    # `except` à deux types, ce qui produit une syntaxe invalide (`except A, B:`).
+    except (SQLAlchemyError, OSError):  # fmt: skip
+        logger.exception("Base de données injoignable")
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_503_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE,
+            detail="Base de données injoignable",
+        ) from None
+
+    if version is None:
+        logger.error("Extension TimescaleDB absente de la base")
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_503_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE,
+            detail="Extension TimescaleDB absente",
+        )
+
+    logger.debug("Extension TimescaleDB en version %s", version)
+    return ReadinessStatus(status="ready", database="reachable", timescaledb="loaded")

apps/backend/app/api/v1/endpoints/recommendations.py

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+from fastapi import APIRouter, HTTPException, status
+
+from app.api.deps import LecteurDep, RecommendationServiceDep
+from app.api.openapi import REPONSE_VALIDATION, Reponses
+from app.schemas.errors import ErrorResponse
+from app.schemas.recommendation import RecommendationResponse
+from app.services.recommendation import RecommendationNotFoundError
+
+router = APIRouter()
+
+REPONSES_INTROUVABLE: Reponses = {
+    **REPONSE_VALIDATION,
+    404: {"model": ErrorResponse, "description": "Aucune recommandation ne porte cet identifiant."},
+}
+
+
+@router.get("", response_model=list[RecommendationResponse], summary="Liste les recommandations")
+async def list_recommendations(
+    _: LecteurDep, service: RecommendationServiceDep
+) -> list[RecommendationResponse]:
+    recommendations = await service.list_all()
+    return [RecommendationResponse.model_validate(r) for r in recommendations]
+
+
+@router.get(
+    "/{recommendation_id}",
+    response_model=RecommendationResponse,
+    summary="Décrit une recommandation",
+    responses=REPONSES_INTROUVABLE,
+)
+async def get_recommendation(
+    recommendation_id: int, _: LecteurDep, service: RecommendationServiceDep
+) -> RecommendationResponse:
+    try:
+        recommendation = await service.get_by_id(recommendation_id)
+    except RecommendationNotFoundError as erreur:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND, detail="Recommandation introuvable"
+        ) from erreur
+    return RecommendationResponse.model_validate(recommendation)

apps/backend/app/api/v1/endpoints/sites.py

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+from fastapi import APIRouter, HTTPException, status
+
+from app.api.deps import LecteurDep, SiteServiceDep
+from app.api.openapi import REPONSE_VALIDATION, Reponses
+from app.schemas.errors import ErrorResponse
+from app.schemas.site import SiteResponse
+from app.services.site import SiteNotFoundError
+
+router = APIRouter()
+
+REPONSES_INTROUVABLE: Reponses = {
+    **REPONSE_VALIDATION,
+    404: {"model": ErrorResponse, "description": "Aucun site ne porte cet identifiant."},
+}
+
+
+@router.get("", response_model=list[SiteResponse], summary="Liste les sites")
+async def list_sites(_: LecteurDep, service: SiteServiceDep) -> list[SiteResponse]:
+    sites = await service.list_all()
+    return [SiteResponse.model_validate(site) for site in sites]
+
+
+@router.get(
+    "/{site_id}",
+    response_model=SiteResponse,
+    summary="Décrit un site",
+    responses=REPONSES_INTROUVABLE,
+)
+async def get_site(site_id: str, _: LecteurDep, service: SiteServiceDep) -> SiteResponse:
+    try:
+        site = await service.get_by_id(site_id)
+    except SiteNotFoundError as erreur:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND, detail="Site introuvable"
+        ) from erreur
+    return SiteResponse.model_validate(site)

apps/backend/app/api/v1/endpoints/stats.py

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+from fastapi import APIRouter
+
+from app.api.deps import LecteurDep, StatsServiceDep
+from app.schemas.stats import StatsSummaryResponse
+
+router = APIRouter()
+
+
+@router.get(
+    "/summary",
+    response_model=StatsSummaryResponse,
+    summary="Résume la consommation instantanée du parc",
+)
+async def get_summary(_: LecteurDep, service: StatsServiceDep) -> StatsSummaryResponse:
+    resume = await service.summary()
+    return StatsSummaryResponse.model_validate(resume)

apps/backend/app/api/v1/endpoints/users.py

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from fastapi import APIRouter, HTTPException, Response, status
+
+from app.api.deps import AdminDep, UserServiceDep
+from app.api.openapi import REPONSE_VALIDATION, Reponses
+from app.core.logging import get_logger
+from app.schemas.errors import ErrorResponse
+from app.schemas.user import (
+    TemporaryPasswordResponse,
+    UserCreateRequest,
+    UserResponse,
+    UserUpdateRequest,
+)
+from app.services.user import EmailAlreadyUsedError, LastAdminError, UserNotFoundError
+
+router = APIRouter()
+logger = get_logger(__name__)
+
+REPONSES_CREATION: Reponses = {
+    **REPONSE_VALIDATION,
+    409: {"model": ErrorResponse, "description": "Adresse déjà portée par un autre compte."},
+}
+
+REPONSES_INTROUVABLE: Reponses = {
+    **REPONSE_VALIDATION,
+    404: {"model": ErrorResponse, "description": "Aucun compte ne porte cet identifiant."},
+}
+
+REPONSES_MODIFICATION: Reponses = {
+    **REPONSES_INTROUVABLE,
+    400: {"model": ErrorResponse, "description": "Corps vide, aucune modification demandée."},
+    409: {
+        "model": ErrorResponse,
+        "description": (
+            "L'opération laisserait la plateforme sans administrateur actif, qu'il s'agisse de "
+            "rétrograder le dernier ou de le désactiver."
+        ),
+    },
+}
+
+
+@router.get("", response_model=list[UserResponse], summary="Liste les comptes")
+async def list_users(_: AdminDep, service: UserServiceDep) -> list[UserResponse]:
+    comptes = await service.list_all()
+    return [UserResponse.model_validate(compte) for compte in comptes]
+
+
+@router.post(
+    "",
+    response_model=TemporaryPasswordResponse,
+    status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED,
+    summary="Crée un compte avec un mot de passe provisoire",
+    responses=REPONSES_CREATION,
+)
+async def create_user(
+    payload: UserCreateRequest,
+    acteur: AdminDep,
+    service: UserServiceDep,
+    response: Response,
+) -> TemporaryPasswordResponse:
+    # Le mot de passe provisoire ne doit être conservé par aucun intermédiaire.
+    response.headers["Cache-Control"] = "no-store"
+    try:
+        cree = await service.create(
+            actor=acteur,
+            email=payload.email,
+            role=payload.role,
+            full_name=payload.full_name,
+        )
+    except EmailAlreadyUsedError as erreur:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_409_CONFLICT, detail="Adresse déjà utilisée"
+        ) from erreur
+
+    logger.info("user.created actor=%s target=%s", acteur.id, cree.user.id)
+    return TemporaryPasswordResponse(
+        user=UserResponse.model_validate(cree.user),
+        temporary_password=cree.temporary_password,
+    )
+
+
+@router.patch(
+    "/{user_id}",
+    response_model=UserResponse,
+    summary="Change le rôle ou l'activation",
+    responses=REPONSES_MODIFICATION,
+)
+async def update_user(
+    user_id: UUID,
+    payload: UserUpdateRequest,
+    acteur: AdminDep,
+    service: UserServiceDep,
+) -> UserResponse:
+    compte = None
+    try:
+        if payload.role is not None:
+            compte = await service.change_role(actor=acteur, user_id=user_id, role=payload.role)
+        if payload.is_active is not None:
+            compte = await service.set_active(
+                actor=acteur, user_id=user_id, is_active=payload.is_active
+            )
+    except UserNotFoundError as erreur:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND, detail="Compte introuvable"
+        ) from erreur
+    except LastAdminError as erreur:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_409_CONFLICT,
+            detail="Dernier administrateur actif, l'opération le laisserait sans successeur",
+        ) from erreur
+
+    if compte is None:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST, detail="Aucune modification demandée"
+        )
+    logger.info("user.updated actor=%s target=%s", acteur.id, user_id)
+    return UserResponse.model_validate(compte)
+
+
+@router.post(
+    "/{user_id}/password-reset",
+    response_model=TemporaryPasswordResponse,
+    summary="Réinitialise le mot de passe et ferme les sessions",
+    responses=REPONSES_INTROUVABLE,
+)
+async def reset_password(
+    user_id: UUID, acteur: AdminDep, service: UserServiceDep, response: Response
+) -> TemporaryPasswordResponse:
+    response.headers["Cache-Control"] = "no-store"
+    try:
+        reinitialise = await service.reset_password(actor=acteur, user_id=user_id)
+    except UserNotFoundError as erreur:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND, detail="Compte introuvable"
+        ) from erreur
+
+    logger.info("user.password_reset actor=%s target=%s", acteur.id, user_id)
+    return TemporaryPasswordResponse(
+        user=UserResponse.model_validate(reinitialise.user),
+        temporary_password=reinitialise.temporary_password,
+    )

apps/backend/app/api/v1/router.py

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+from fastapi import APIRouter
+
+from app.api.openapi import REPONSE_SERVEUR, REPONSES_ADMIN, REPONSES_LECTEUR
+from app.api.v1.endpoints import alerts, auth, health, recommendations, sites, stats, users
+
+api_router = APIRouter(responses=REPONSE_SERVEUR)
+api_router.include_router(health.router, prefix="/health", tags=["health"])
+api_router.include_router(auth.router, prefix="/auth", tags=["auth"])
+api_router.include_router(users.router, prefix="/users", tags=["users"], responses=REPONSES_ADMIN)
+api_router.include_router(sites.router, prefix="/sites", tags=["sites"], responses=REPONSES_LECTEUR)
+api_router.include_router(
+    alerts.router, prefix="/alerts", tags=["alerts"], responses=REPONSES_LECTEUR
+)
+api_router.include_router(
+    recommendations.router,
+    prefix="/recommendations",
+    tags=["recommendations"],
+    responses=REPONSES_LECTEUR,
+)
+api_router.include_router(stats.router, prefix="/stats", tags=["stats"], responses=REPONSES_LECTEUR)

apps/backend/app/cli.py

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+# Pourquoi : `create_admin()` est une commande et non une révision Alembic. Une révision qui
+# insérerait un compte graverait son empreinte dans Git pour toujours, et son mot de passe
+# serait connu de quiconque lit le dépôt. L'ADR 0001 pose par ailleurs qu'Alembic porte le
+# schéma, pas les données.
+# Piège : le mot de passe ne transite jamais par `argv`, visible de tout `ps`, ni par
+# l'historique du shell. Il est saisi par `getpass` ou tiré au sort par la commande.
+
+import argparse
+import asyncio
+import json
+import secrets
+import sys
+from getpass import getpass
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
+
+from pydantic import SecretStr
+
+from app.core.config import Settings, get_settings
+from app.core.hashing import build_hasher
+from app.core.roles import Role
+from app.db.session import get_session_factory
+from app.main import create_app
+from app.repositories.user import UserRepository
+
+LONGUEUR_MOT_DE_PASSE_GENERE = 24
+LONGUEUR_MINIMALE = 12
+CHEMIN_CONTRAT = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent / "openapi.json"
+
+
+async def create_admin(
+    settings: Settings, *, email: str, password: str, force: bool
+) -> tuple[bool, str]:
+    hacheur = build_hasher(
+        time_cost=settings.argon2_time_cost,
+        memory_cost_kib=settings.argon2_memory_cost_kib,
+        parallelism=settings.argon2_parallelism,
+        max_concurrency=settings.argon2_max_concurrency,
+    )
+    empreinte = await hacheur.hash(password)
+
+    async with get_session_factory()() as session:
+        depot = UserRepository(session)
+
+        if not force and await depot.count_active_admins() > 0:
+            return False, "Un administrateur actif existe déjà, relancer avec --force pour forcer"
+
+        if await depot.get_by_email(email) is not None:
+            return False, f"Le compte {email} existe déjà"
+
+        await depot.create(
+            email=email,
+            password_hash=empreinte,
+            role=Role.ADMIN,
+            must_change_password=True,
+        )
+        await session.commit()
+
+    return (
+        True,
+        f"Administrateur {email.strip().lower()} créé, mot de passe à changer à la connexion",
+    )
+
+
+# Piège : le schéma ne doit dépendre ni du `.env` du poste ni des variables `APP_*`, sinon le
+# fichier versionné changerait de machine en machine et le test de dérive deviendrait un oracle
+# de configuration locale. Tout ce qui atteint le schéma est donc posé ici, `_env_file` compris.
+def settings_du_contrat() -> Settings:
+    return Settings(
+        _env_file=None,
+        name="EnerVision API",
+        version="0.1.0",
+        env="local",
+        api_prefix="/api/v1",
+        secret_key=SecretStr("contrat-openapi-sans-effet-sur-le-schema"),
+        database_url="postgresql+asyncpg://openapi:contrat@localhost:5432/enervision",
+    )
+
+
+def schema_du_contrat() -> dict[str, Any]:
+    schema: dict[str, Any] = create_app(settings_du_contrat()).openapi()
+    return schema
+
+
+def rend_le_contrat() -> str:
+    return json.dumps(schema_du_contrat(), indent=2, ensure_ascii=False) + "\n"
+
+
+def export_openapi(destination: Path) -> str:
+    destination.write_text(rend_le_contrat(), encoding="utf-8")
+    return f"Contrat OpenAPI écrit dans {destination}"
+
+
+def build_parser() -> argparse.ArgumentParser:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog="python -m app.cli", description="Outils EnerVision")
+    sous_commandes = parser.add_subparsers(dest="commande", required=True)
+
+    admin = sous_commandes.add_parser("create-admin", help="Crée le premier administrateur")
+    admin.add_argument("--email", required=True)
+    admin.add_argument(
+        "--generate", action="store_true", help="Tire un mot de passe au sort et l'affiche une fois"
+    )
+    admin.add_argument(
+        "--force", action="store_true", help="Crée le compte même si un administrateur existe"
+    )
+
+    contrat = sous_commandes.add_parser(
+        "export-openapi", help="Écrit le contrat OpenAPI sur disque"
+    )
+    contrat.add_argument("--output", default=str(CHEMIN_CONTRAT))
+    return parser
+
+
+def read_password(*, generate: bool) -> str:
+    if generate:
+        mot_de_passe = secrets.token_urlsafe(LONGUEUR_MOT_DE_PASSE_GENERE)
+        print(f"Mot de passe généré, il ne sera plus affiché : {mot_de_passe}")
+        return mot_de_passe
+
+    mot_de_passe = getpass("Mot de passe : ")
+    if len(mot_de_passe) < LONGUEUR_MINIMALE:
+        raise SystemExit(f"Le mot de passe doit faire au moins {LONGUEUR_MINIMALE} caractères")
+    if mot_de_passe != getpass("Confirmation : "):
+        raise SystemExit("Les deux saisies diffèrent")
+    return mot_de_passe
+
+
+def main(argv: list[str] | None = None) -> int:
+    arguments = build_parser().parse_args(argv)
+
+    if arguments.commande == "export-openapi":
+        print(export_openapi(Path(arguments.output)))
+        return 0
+
+    mot_de_passe = read_password(generate=arguments.generate)
+
+    succes, message = asyncio.run(
+        create_admin(
+            get_settings(),
+            email=arguments.email,
+            password=mot_de_passe,
+            force=arguments.force,
+        )
+    )
+    print(message)
+    return 0 if succes else 1
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    sys.exit(main())

apps/backend/app/core/config.py

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+from functools import lru_cache
+from typing import Literal, Self
+
+from pydantic import Field, SecretStr, model_validator
+from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings, SettingsConfigDict
+
+Environment = Literal["local", "dev", "staging", "prod"]
+SameSite = Literal["lax", "strict", "none"]
+
+SECRET_KEY_MIN_LENGTH = 32
+REFRESH_COOKIE_DEFAUT = "ev_refresh"
+SENTINELLES_INTERDITES = frozenset(
+    {"change_me", "changeme", "secret", "secret-de-test", "changez-moi", "todo"}
+)
+
+
+class Settings(BaseSettings):
+    model_config = SettingsConfigDict(
+        env_file=".env",
+        env_prefix="APP_",
+        env_file_encoding="utf-8",
+        extra="ignore",
+    )
+
+    name: str = "EnerVision API"
+    version: str = "0.1.0"
+    env: Environment = "local"
+    debug: bool = False
+    log_level: str = "INFO"
+    api_prefix: str = "/api/v1"
+    secret_key: SecretStr
+    cors_origins: str = ""
+    database_url: str = Field(validation_alias="DATABASE_URL")
+    database_pool_size: int = 5
+    database_max_overflow: int = 10
+
+    jwt_issuer: str = "enervision-api"
+    jwt_audience: str = "enervision-web"
+    access_token_ttl_seconds: int = Field(default=900, ge=60, le=3600)
+    refresh_token_ttl_seconds: int = Field(default=604800, ge=3600, le=2592000)
+
+    refresh_cookie_name: str = REFRESH_COOKIE_DEFAUT
+    cookie_path: str = "/api/v1/auth"
+    cookie_samesite: SameSite = "strict"
+    cookie_secure: bool | None = None
+
+    argon2_time_cost: int = Field(default=2, ge=1, le=10)
+    argon2_memory_cost_kib: int = Field(default=19456, ge=8192)
+    argon2_parallelism: int = Field(default=1, ge=1, le=4)
+    argon2_max_concurrency: int = Field(default=4, ge=1, le=32)
+
+    login_window_seconds: int = Field(default=900, ge=60)
+    login_max_failures_per_identifier_and_ip: int = Field(default=5, ge=1)
+    login_max_failures_per_ip: int = Field(default=20, ge=1)
+    login_max_failures_per_identifier: int = Field(default=50, ge=1)
+
+    trust_proxy_headers: bool = False
+    expose_api_docs: bool | None = None
+    metrics_token: SecretStr | None = None
+
+    @property
+    def allowed_origins(self) -> list[str]:
+        return [origin.strip() for origin in self.cors_origins.split(",") if origin.strip()]
+
+    @property
+    def is_production(self) -> bool:
+        return self.env == "prod"
+
+    @property
+    def cookies_are_secure(self) -> bool:
+        return self.env != "local" if self.cookie_secure is None else self.cookie_secure
+
+    @property
+    def api_docs_are_exposed(self) -> bool:
+        if self.expose_api_docs is not None:
+            return self.expose_api_docs
+        return self.env not in ("staging", "prod")
+
+    @model_validator(mode="after")
+    def _refuse_les_configurations_dangereuses(self) -> Self:
+        secret = self.secret_key.get_secret_value()
+        if len(secret) < SECRET_KEY_MIN_LENGTH:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"APP_SECRET_KEY doit faire au moins {SECRET_KEY_MIN_LENGTH} caractères"
+            )
+        if secret.strip().lower() in SENTINELLES_INTERDITES:
+            raise ValueError("APP_SECRET_KEY est une valeur d'exemple, il faut en générer une")
+
+        # Piège : `create_app()` passe `debug` à FastAPI, qui renvoie alors la trace complète
+        # au client, et à l'engine, qui journalise le SQL et ses paramètres.
+        if self.debug and self.env in ("staging", "prod"):
+            raise ValueError("APP_DEBUG doit rester faux hors des environnements locaux")
+
+        if "*" in self.cors_origins:
+            raise ValueError("APP_CORS_ORIGINS n'accepte pas de joker, les origines sont listées")
+
+        # Sans origines, aucun middleware CORS n'est monté et la vérification d'`Origin` des
+        # routes d'authentification n'a plus de référentiel auquel comparer.
+        if self.env != "local" and not self.allowed_origins:
+            raise ValueError("APP_CORS_ORIGINS doit lister au moins une origine hors local")
+
+        if self.cookie_samesite == "none" and not self.cookies_are_secure:
+            raise ValueError("Un cookie SameSite=None est rejeté par les navigateurs sans Secure")
+
+        return self
+
+
+@lru_cache
+def get_settings() -> Settings:
+    return Settings()

apps/backend/app/core/cookies.py

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# Piège : le cookie de suppression doit reprendre exactement le nom et le `Path` du cookie
+# posé, sinon le navigateur en garde une copie et la déconnexion n'est que cosmétique.
+# `RefreshCookie.expired()` existe pour que les deux ne puissent pas diverger.
+
+from dataclasses import asdict, dataclass
+from typing import Any, Self
+
+from app.core.config import SameSite, Settings
+
+SECURE_PREFIX = "__Secure-"
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
+class RefreshCookie:
+    key: str
+    value: str
+    max_age: int
+    path: str
+    secure: bool
+    httponly: bool
+    samesite: SameSite
+
+    @classmethod
+    def build(cls, settings: Settings, value: str) -> Self:
+        return cls(
+            key=cookie_name(settings),
+            value=value,
+            max_age=settings.refresh_token_ttl_seconds,
+            path=settings.cookie_path,
+            secure=settings.cookies_are_secure,
+            httponly=True,
+            samesite=settings.cookie_samesite,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def expired(cls, settings: Settings) -> Self:
+        return cls(
+            key=cookie_name(settings),
+            value="",
+            max_age=0,
+            path=settings.cookie_path,
+            secure=settings.cookies_are_secure,
+            httponly=True,
+            samesite=settings.cookie_samesite,
+        )
+
+    def as_kwargs(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        return asdict(self)
+
+    def as_deletion_kwargs(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        # `Response.delete_cookie()` n'accepte ni `value` ni `max_age`, mais il exige le même
+        # nom, le même chemin et les mêmes attributs, sinon le navigateur garde le cookie.
+        arguments = asdict(self)
+        del arguments["value"], arguments["max_age"]
+        return arguments
+
+
+def cookie_name(settings: Settings) -> str:
+    if settings.cookies_are_secure:
+        return f"{SECURE_PREFIX}{settings.refresh_cookie_name}"
+    return settings.refresh_cookie_name

apps/backend/app/core/hashing.py

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+# Piège : `PasswordHasher.verify()` bloque 17 ms. Appelé tel quel dans un `async def`, il fige
+# la boucle d'événements et gèle toutes les requêtes en cours, pas seulement la connexion.
+# `Argon2Hasher` le pousse donc dans un fil, sous un `CapacityLimiter` : le pool par défaut
+# d'anyio accepte 40 fils, soit 40 x 19 Mio dans le pire cas sur une machine qui héberge aussi
+# PostgreSQL, Prometheus et Grafana.
+# Piège : `verify_dummy()` doit être appelé quand l'utilisateur est introuvable. Sans lui,
+# l'écart entre 2 ms et 17 ms est un oracle d'existence de compte, mesurable à distance.
+
+import secrets
+
+import anyio
+import anyio.to_thread
+from argon2 import PasswordHasher
+from argon2.exceptions import Argon2Error, InvalidHashError, VerificationError
+
+_ERREURS_DE_VERIFICATION = (VerificationError, InvalidHashError, Argon2Error)
+
+
+class Argon2Hasher:
+    def __init__(self, hasher: PasswordHasher, *, max_concurrency: int) -> None:
+        self._hasher = hasher
+        self._limiter = anyio.CapacityLimiter(max_concurrency)
+        self._leurre = hasher.hash(secrets.token_urlsafe(32))
+
+    async def hash(self, password: str) -> str:
+        return await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(self._hasher.hash, password, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def verify(self, stored: str, password: str) -> bool:
+        return await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(self._verify, stored, password, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def verify_dummy(self) -> None:
+        await self.verify(self._leurre, "")
+
+    def needs_rehash(self, stored: str) -> bool:
+        try:
+            return self._hasher.check_needs_rehash(stored)
+        except _ERREURS_DE_VERIFICATION:
+            return True
+
+    def _verify(self, stored: str, password: str) -> bool:
+        try:
+            return self._hasher.verify(stored, password)
+        except _ERREURS_DE_VERIFICATION:
+            return False
+
+
+def build_hasher(
+    *,
+    time_cost: int,
+    memory_cost_kib: int,
+    parallelism: int,
+    max_concurrency: int,
+) -> Argon2Hasher:
+    return Argon2Hasher(
+        PasswordHasher(
+            time_cost=time_cost,
+            memory_cost=memory_cost_kib,
+            parallelism=parallelism,
+            hash_len=32,
+            salt_len=16,
+        ),
+        max_concurrency=max_concurrency,
+    )

apps/backend/app/core/logging.py

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+# Pourquoi : `RedactingFilter` est la troisième ligne de défense, pas la première. La première
+# est de ne jamais passer un secret au logger, la deuxième de ne jamais mettre un jeton dans
+# une URL, que le journal d'accès enregistrerait de toute façon. Le filtre rattrape l'erreur
+# que personne n'a relue, notamment l'écho SQL quand `debug` est actif.
+
+import logging
+import re
+from logging.config import dictConfig
+from typing import Final
+
+from app.core.config import Settings
+
+CAVIARDAGE: Final = "[expurgé]"
+
+REMPLACEMENTS: Final[tuple[tuple[re.Pattern[str], str], ...]] = (
+    (re.compile(r"Bearer\s+[A-Za-z0-9._~+/-]{20,}=*"), f"Bearer {CAVIARDAGE}"),
+    (re.compile(r"eyJ[A-Za-z0-9._-]{20,}"), CAVIARDAGE),
+    (re.compile(r"\$argon2[a-z0-9]*\$\S+"), CAVIARDAGE),
+    (
+        re.compile(r'("?(?:password|mot_de_passe|secret|token)"?\s*[:=]\s*")[^"]*(")'),
+        rf"\1{CAVIARDAGE}\2",
+    ),
+    (
+        re.compile(r"((?:password|mot_de_passe|secret|token)[A-Za-z_]*=)[^&\s;\"]+"),
+        rf"\1{CAVIARDAGE}",
+    ),
+    (re.compile(r"(ev_refresh=)[^;\s]+"), rf"\1{CAVIARDAGE}"),
+)
+
+
+def redact(message: str) -> str:
+    for motif, remplacement in REMPLACEMENTS:
+        message = motif.sub(remplacement, message)
+    return message
+
+
+class RedactingFilter(logging.Filter):
+    def filter(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> bool:
+        message = record.getMessage()
+        expurge = redact(message)
+        if expurge != message:
+            record.msg = expurge
+            record.args = ()
+        return True
+
+
+def configure_logging(settings: Settings) -> None:
+    formatter = "json" if settings.is_production else "console"
+    dictConfig(
+        {
+            "version": 1,
+            "disable_existing_loggers": False,
+            "filters": {
+                "redaction": {"()": "app.core.logging.RedactingFilter"},
+            },
+            "formatters": {
+                "console": {
+                    "format": "%(asctime)s %(levelname)-8s %(name)s %(message)s",
+                },
+                "json": {
+                    "()": "pythonjsonlogger.json.JsonFormatter",
+                    "format": "%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(name)s %(message)s",
+                },
+            },
+            "handlers": {
+                "default": {
+                    "class": "logging.StreamHandler",
+                    "formatter": formatter,
+                    "filters": ["redaction"],
+                    "stream": "ext://sys.stdout",
+                },
+            },
+            "root": {"handlers": ["default"], "level": settings.log_level},
+            "loggers": {
+                "uvicorn": {
+                    "handlers": ["default"],
+                    "level": settings.log_level,
+                    "propagate": False,
+                },
+                "uvicorn.access": {
+                    "handlers": ["default"],
+                    "level": settings.log_level,
+                    "propagate": False,
+                },
+                "sqlalchemy.engine": {"level": "WARNING"},
+            },
+        }
+    )
+
+
+def get_logger(name: str) -> logging.Logger:
+    return logging.getLogger(name)

apps/backend/app/core/principal.py

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Pourquoi : tout le code métier dépend de `Principal` et jamais du modèle ORM ni des claims
+# du jeton. C'est ce qui garde la bascule vers un fournisseur OIDC locale à
+# `get_current_principal()` et à `AuthService.authenticate()`, au lieu de la répandre dans
+# chaque endpoint.
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from app.core.roles import AccountKind, Role
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
+class Principal:
+    id: UUID
+    email: str
+    role: Role
+    kind: AccountKind
+    must_change_password: bool

apps/backend/app/core/roles.py

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+from enum import StrEnum
+from typing import Final
+
+
+class Role(StrEnum):
+    # Contrainte : ces valeurs voyagent en base, en JSON et dans les jetons. Elles restent
+    # en ASCII, contrairement au libellé « opérateur » affiché à l'utilisateur.
+    LECTEUR = "lecteur"
+    OPERATEUR = "operateur"
+    ADMIN = "admin"
+
+
+class AccountKind(StrEnum):
+    HUMAIN = "human"
+    SERVICE = "service"
+
+
+ROLE_RANK: Final[dict[Role, int]] = {
+    Role.LECTEUR: 0,
+    Role.OPERATEUR: 1,
+    Role.ADMIN: 2,
+}
+
+
+def has_at_least(actual: Role, required: Role) -> bool:
+    return ROLE_RANK[actual] >= ROLE_RANK[required]

apps/backend/app/core/security.py

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+# Piège : `decode_access_token()` porte trois barrières indépendantes, et retirer l'une
+# d'elles ne casse aucun test évident. L'algorithme est épinglé, sinon un jeton forgé en
+# `alg: none` passerait. L'audience et l'émetteur sont vérifiés, sinon un jeton émis pour
+# un autre service serait accepté. Le claim `typ` est comparé, sinon un jeton de
+# rafraîchissement servirait de jeton d'accès, ce qui transformerait une fenêtre de
+# 15 minutes en fenêtre de 7 jours.
+# Contrainte : ce module ne lit jamais `get_settings()`, qui est mis en cache par
+# `lru_cache` et se contaminerait entre tests. Tout paramètre arrive par `TokenPolicy`.
+
+import hashlib
+import secrets
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from datetime import UTC, datetime, timedelta
+from typing import Final
+from uuid import UUID, uuid4
+
+import jwt
+
+ACCESS_TOKEN_TYPE: Final = "access"  # noqa: S105
+REFRESH_SECRET_BYTES: Final = 32
+
+_ALGORITHME: Final = "HS256"
+_CLAIMS_REQUIS: Final = ["iss", "aud", "sub", "iat", "exp", "jti", "typ", "role", "kind"]
+
+
+class TokenInvalidError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class TokenExpiredError(TokenInvalidError):
+    pass
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
+class TokenPolicy:
+    secret: str
+    issuer: str
+    audience: str
+    access_ttl: timedelta
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
+class AccessClaims:
+    subject: UUID
+    role: str
+    kind: str
+    token_id: UUID
+    issued_at: datetime
+
+
+def encode_access_token(
+    policy: TokenPolicy,
+    *,
+    subject: UUID,
+    role: str,
+    kind: str,
+    now: datetime | None = None,
+) -> str:
+    emis_a = now or datetime.now(UTC)
+    return jwt.encode(
+        {
+            "iss": policy.issuer,
+            "aud": policy.audience,
+            "sub": str(subject),
+            "iat": emis_a,
+            "exp": emis_a + policy.access_ttl,
+            "jti": str(uuid4()),
+            "typ": ACCESS_TOKEN_TYPE,
+            "role": role,
+            "kind": kind,
+        },
+        policy.secret,
+        algorithm=_ALGORITHME,
+    )
+
+
+def decode_access_token(policy: TokenPolicy, token: str) -> AccessClaims:
+    try:
+        charge = jwt.decode(
+            token,
+            policy.secret,
+            algorithms=[_ALGORITHME],
+            audience=policy.audience,
+            issuer=policy.issuer,
+            options={"require": _CLAIMS_REQUIS},
+        )
+    except jwt.ExpiredSignatureError as erreur:
+        raise TokenExpiredError("Jeton expiré") from erreur
+    except jwt.InvalidTokenError as erreur:
+        raise TokenInvalidError("Jeton invalide") from erreur
+
+    if charge["typ"] != ACCESS_TOKEN_TYPE:
+        raise TokenInvalidError("Type de jeton inattendu")
+
+    try:
+        sujet = UUID(charge["sub"])
+        identifiant = UUID(charge["jti"])
+    except (AttributeError, TypeError, ValueError) as erreur:
+        raise TokenInvalidError("Identifiants du jeton illisibles") from erreur
+
+    return AccessClaims(
+        subject=sujet,
+        role=str(charge["role"]),
+        kind=str(charge["kind"]),
+        token_id=identifiant,
+        issued_at=datetime.fromtimestamp(charge["iat"], tz=UTC),
+    )
+
+
+def generate_refresh_secret() -> str:
+    return secrets.token_urlsafe(REFRESH_SECRET_BYTES)
+
+
+# SHA-256 nu, pas Argon2id : 256 bits de CSPRNG n'ont ni dictionnaire ni préimage atteignable,
+# et une KDF lente coûterait 17 ms à chaque rafraîchissement pour aucun gain.
+def fingerprint_refresh(secret: str) -> bytes:
+    return hashlib.sha256(secret.encode("utf-8")).digest()

apps/backend/app/db/base.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase
+
+
+class Base(DeclarativeBase):
+    """Base déclarative commune à tous les modèles."""

apps/backend/app/db/session.py

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator
+from functools import lru_cache
+
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import (
+    AsyncEngine,
+    AsyncSession,
+    async_sessionmaker,
+    create_async_engine,
+)
+
+from app.core.config import get_settings
+
+
+@lru_cache
+def get_engine() -> AsyncEngine:
+    settings = get_settings()
+    return create_async_engine(
+        settings.database_url,
+        echo=settings.debug,
+        pool_pre_ping=True,
+        pool_size=settings.database_pool_size,
+        max_overflow=settings.database_max_overflow,
+    )
+
+
+@lru_cache
+def get_session_factory() -> async_sessionmaker[AsyncSession]:
+    return async_sessionmaker(get_engine(), class_=AsyncSession, expire_on_commit=False)
+
+
+async def get_session() -> AsyncIterator[AsyncSession]:
+    async with get_session_factory()() as session:
+        yield session

apps/backend/app/main.py

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator
+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
+
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
+from prometheus_fastapi_instrumentator import Instrumentator
+
+from app.api.errors import register_error_handlers
+from app.api.middleware import SecurityHeadersMiddleware
+from app.api.openapi import DESCRIPTION, SUMMARY, TAGS
+from app.api.security import require_metrics_token
+from app.api.v1.router import api_router
+from app.core.config import Settings, get_settings
+from app.core.logging import configure_logging, get_logger
+from app.db.session import get_engine
+
+logger = get_logger(__name__)
+
+METHODES_AUTORISEES = ["GET", "POST", "PATCH", "PUT", "DELETE", "OPTIONS"]
+EN_TETES_AUTORISES = ["Authorization", "Content-Type"]
+
+
+@asynccontextmanager
+async def lifespan(_: FastAPI) -> AsyncIterator[None]:
+    settings = get_settings()
+    logger.info(
+        "Démarrage de %s %s en environnement %s", settings.name, settings.version, settings.env
+    )
+    yield
+    await get_engine().dispose()
+
+
+def create_app(settings: Settings | None = None) -> FastAPI:
+    resolved = settings or get_settings()
+    configure_logging(resolved)
+
+    documentee = resolved.api_docs_are_exposed
+    application = FastAPI(
+        title=resolved.name,
+        version=resolved.version,
+        summary=SUMMARY,
+        description=DESCRIPTION,
+        openapi_tags=TAGS,
+        debug=resolved.debug,
+        lifespan=lifespan,
+        docs_url="/docs" if documentee else None,
+        redoc_url="/redoc" if documentee else None,
+        openapi_url="/openapi.json" if documentee else None,
+    )
+
+    application.add_middleware(SecurityHeadersMiddleware)
+
+    if resolved.allowed_origins:
+        # Méthodes et en-têtes listés plutôt que joker : avec `allow_credentials`, la liste
+        # d'origines devient l'unique contrôle, autant documenter le contrat exact.
+        application.add_middleware(
+            CORSMiddleware,
+            allow_origins=resolved.allowed_origins,
+            allow_credentials=True,
+            allow_methods=METHODES_AUTORISEES,
+            allow_headers=EN_TETES_AUTORISES,
+            expose_headers=["Retry-After"],
+            max_age=600,
+        )
+
+    register_error_handlers(application)
+
+    Instrumentator().instrument(application).expose(
+        application,
+        endpoint="/metrics",
+        include_in_schema=False,
+        dependencies=[Depends(require_metrics_token)],
+    )
+    application.include_router(api_router, prefix=resolved.api_prefix)
+
+    # Piège : sans cette surcharge, une configuration passée à `create_app()` ne piloterait
+    # que la construction, et les dépendances continueraient de lire `get_settings()` depuis
+    # l'environnement. Un test « en production » ne testerait alors pas la production.
+    if settings is not None:
+        application.dependency_overrides[get_settings] = lambda: resolved
+
+    return application

apps/backend/app/models/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# Piège : tout modèle absent de ce module reste invisible de `alembic revision
+# --autogenerate`, qui générerait alors un drop de sa table.
+
+from app.models.audit_log import AuditLog
+from app.models.energy import Alert, Dataset, Prediction, Reading, Recommendation, Site
+from app.models.login_attempt import LoginAttempt
+from app.models.refresh_token import RefreshToken
+from app.models.user import AppUser
+
+__all__ = [
+    "Alert",
+    "AppUser",
+    "AuditLog",
+    "Dataset",
+    "LoginAttempt",
+    "Prediction",
+    "Reading",
+    "Recommendation",
+    "RefreshToken",
+    "Site",
+]

apps/backend/app/models/audit_log.py

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+# Pourquoi : `actor_id` ne porte volontairement aucune clé étrangère. Une contrainte
+# `ON DELETE SET NULL` déclencherait un UPDATE que le déclencheur d'ajout seul refuserait, donc
+# la suppression d'un compte échouerait ; une contrainte `NO ACTION` interdirait toute
+# suppression. `actor_email` et `actor_role` sont dénormalisés pour la même raison : le journal
+# dit ce qui était vrai au moment de l'acte, pas ce qui est vrai aujourd'hui.
+
+import uuid
+from datetime import datetime
+from enum import StrEnum
+from typing import Any
+
+from sqlalchemy import BigInteger, CheckConstraint, DateTime, Identity, Index, Text, func
+from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import INET, JSONB
+from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import UUID as PG_UUID
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column
+
+from app.db.base import Base
+
+
+class AuditOutcome(StrEnum):
+    SUCCES = "success"
+    ECHEC = "failure"
+
+
+class AuditAction(StrEnum):
+    COMPTE_CREE = "user.created"
+    COMPTE_ROLE_CHANGE = "user.role_changed"
+    COMPTE_DESACTIVE = "user.disabled"
+    COMPTE_ACTIVE = "user.enabled"
+    COMPTE_MOT_DE_PASSE_REINITIALISE = "user.password_reset_by_admin"
+    COMPTE_MOT_DE_PASSE_CHANGE = "user.password_changed"
+    REFRESH_REUTILISE = "auth.refresh_reuse_detected"
+    SESSIONS_REVOQUEES = "auth.all_sessions_revoked"
+    LIMITE_PAR_IDENTIFIANT = "auth.identifier_throttled"
+    ADMIN_AMORCE = "bootstrap.admin_created"
+
+
+ISSUES_AUTORISEES = ", ".join(f"'{issue.value}'" for issue in AuditOutcome)
+
+
+class AuditLog(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "audit_log"
+    __table_args__ = (
+        CheckConstraint(f"outcome in ({ISSUES_AUTORISEES})", name="ck_audit_log_outcome"),
+        Index("ix_audit_log_date", "occurred_at"),
+        Index("ix_audit_log_action_date", "action", "occurred_at"),
+    )
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(BigInteger, Identity(always=True), primary_key=True)
+    occurred_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
+        DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=False, server_default=func.now()
+    )
+    actor_id: Mapped[uuid.UUID | None] = mapped_column(PG_UUID(as_uuid=True), nullable=True)
+    actor_email: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(Text, nullable=True)
+    actor_role: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(Text, nullable=True)
+    action: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(Text, nullable=False)
+    target_type: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(Text, nullable=True)
+    target_id: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(Text, nullable=True)
+    outcome: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(Text, nullable=False)
+    client_ip: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(INET, nullable=True)
+    user_agent: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(Text, nullable=True)
+    detail: Mapped[dict[str, Any]] = mapped_column(
+        JSONB, nullable=False, server_default=func.jsonb_build_object()
+    )

apps/backend/app/models/energy.py

@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+"""Tables du modèle de données EnerVision (CSV, API Mock et résultats ML)."""
+
+from datetime import datetime
+from decimal import Decimal
+from typing import Any
+
+from sqlalchemy import (
+    BigInteger,
+    Boolean,
+    CheckConstraint,
+    DateTime,
+    Double,
+    ForeignKey,
+    ForeignKeyConstraint,
+    Index,
+    Integer,
+    Numeric,
+    String,
+    Text,
+    UniqueConstraint,
+    func,
+    text,
+)
+from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import ARRAY, JSONB
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column
+
+from app.db.base import Base
+
+
+class Dataset(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "dataset"
+    __table_args__ = (
+        CheckConstraint("dataset_id > 0", name="ck_dataset_positive_id"),
+        UniqueConstraint("archive_sha256", name="uq_dataset_archive_sha256"),
+    )
+
+    dataset_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(BigInteger, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
+    dataset_name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(Text)
+    archive_sha256: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(64))
+    storage_uri: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(Text)
+    source_timezone: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(Text)
+    # "metadata" est réservé par SQLAlchemy ; le nom SQL reste inchangé.
+    dataset_metadata: Mapped[dict[str, Any]] = mapped_column("metadata", JSONB(none_as_null=True))
+
+
+class Site(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "site"
+
+    site_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(Text, primary_key=True)
+    site_name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(Text)
+    site_type: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(Text)
+    location: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(Text)
+    capacity_kw: Mapped[float | None] = mapped_column(Double)
+    status: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(Text)
+
+
+class Reading(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "reading"
+    __table_args__ = (
+        CheckConstraint(
+            "source IN ('csv', 'api_current', 'api_history')", name="ck_reading_source"
+        ),
+        CheckConstraint(
+            "(source = 'csv' AND dataset_id IS NOT NULL) OR "
+            "(source IN ('api_current', 'api_history') AND dataset_id IS NULL)",
+            name="ck_reading_dataset_source",
+        ),
+        CheckConstraint(
+            "data_quality IS NULL OR data_quality IN ('good', 'partial', 'degraded', 'critical')",
+            name="ck_reading_quality",
+        ),
+        CheckConstraint(
+            "(imputed_values IS NULL AND imputation_method IS NULL) OR "
+            "(imputed_values IS NOT NULL AND imputation_method IS NOT NULL)",
+            name="ck_reading_imputation",
+        ),
+        Index("ix_reading_site_timestamp", "site_id", "timestamp"),
+        Index("ix_reading_dataset_id", "dataset_id"),
+    )
+
+    reading_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(BigInteger, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
+    site_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(
+        Text, ForeignKey("site.site_id", name="fk_reading_site", ondelete="RESTRICT")
+    )
+    timestamp: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), primary_key=True)
+    source: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(Text)
+    dataset_id: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(
+        BigInteger,
+        ForeignKey("dataset.dataset_id", name="fk_reading_dataset", ondelete="RESTRICT"),
+    )
+    consumption_kw: Mapped[float | None] = mapped_column(Double)
+    consumption_kwh: Mapped[float | None] = mapped_column(Double)
+    consumption_euros: Mapped[Decimal | None] = mapped_column(Numeric(14, 2))
+    voltage_v: Mapped[float | None] = mapped_column(Double)
+    current_a: Mapped[float | None] = mapped_column(Double)
+    power_factor: Mapped[float | None] = mapped_column(Double)
+    temperature_celsius: Mapped[float | None] = mapped_column(Double)
+    humidity_percent: Mapped[float | None] = mapped_column(Double)
+    solar_irradiance_wm2: Mapped[float | None] = mapped_column(Double)
+    is_working_hours: Mapped[bool | None] = mapped_column(Boolean)
+    data_quality: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(Text)
+    null_reasons: Mapped[list[str] | None] = mapped_column(ARRAY(Text))
+    imputed_values: Mapped[dict[str, Any] | None] = mapped_column(JSONB(none_as_null=True))
+    imputation_method: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(Text)
+    ingested_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
+        DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now()
+    )
+    raw_data: Mapped[dict[str, Any]] = mapped_column(JSONB(none_as_null=True))
+
+
+Index(
+    "uq_reading_source",
+    Reading.site_id,
+    Reading.timestamp,
+    Reading.source,
+    func.coalesce(Reading.dataset_id, text("0")),
+    unique=True,
+)
+
+
+class Prediction(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "prediction"
+    __table_args__ = (
+        UniqueConstraint("prediction_id", "site_id", name="uq_prediction_id_site"),
+        Index("ix_prediction_site_target", "site_id", "target_at"),
+        CheckConstraint(
+            "target_metric IN ('consumption_kwh', 'consumption_kw')",
+            name="ck_prediction_metric",
+        ),
+        CheckConstraint(
+            "period_minutes IS NULL OR period_minutes > 0", name="ck_prediction_period"
+        ),
+        CheckConstraint(
+            "target_metric <> 'consumption_kwh' OR period_minutes IS NOT NULL",
+            name="ck_prediction_energy_period",
+        ),
+        CheckConstraint(
+            "(status = 'available' AND predicted_value IS NOT NULL AND failure_reason IS NULL) OR "
+            "(status IN ('insufficient_data', 'error') AND predicted_value IS NULL "
+            "AND failure_reason IS NOT NULL)",
+            name="ck_prediction_status",
+        ),
+    )
+
+    prediction_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(BigInteger, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
+    site_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(
+        Text, ForeignKey("site.site_id", name="fk_prediction_site", ondelete="RESTRICT")
+    )
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now())
+    target_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True))
+    target_metric: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(Text)
+    period_minutes: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(Integer)
+    predicted_value: Mapped[float | None] = mapped_column(Double)
+    model_reference: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(Text)
+    status: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(Text)
+    failure_reason: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(Text)
+
+
+class Alert(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "alert"
+    __table_args__ = (
+        UniqueConstraint("source", "site_id", "source_alert_id", name="uq_alert_source_reference"),
+        Index("ix_alert_site_timestamp", "site_id", "timestamp"),
+        ForeignKeyConstraint(
+            ["prediction_id", "site_id"],
+            ["prediction.prediction_id", "prediction.site_id"],
+            name="fk_alert_prediction_site",
+            ondelete="RESTRICT",
+        ),
+        CheckConstraint("source IN ('api_mock', 'enervision')", name="ck_alert_source"),
+        CheckConstraint(
+            "type IN ('spike', 'threshold', 'anomaly', 'outage', 'sensor')", name="ck_alert_type"
+        ),
+        CheckConstraint(
+            "severity IN ('low', 'medium', 'high', 'critical')", name="ck_alert_severity"
+        ),
+    )
+
+    alert_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(BigInteger, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
+    source_alert_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(Text)
+    site_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(
+        Text, ForeignKey("site.site_id", name="fk_alert_site", ondelete="RESTRICT")
+    )
+    source: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(Text)
+    timestamp: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True))
+    type: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(Text)
+    severity: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(Text)
+    message: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(Text)
+    value: Mapped[float | None] = mapped_column(Double)
+    threshold: Mapped[float | None] = mapped_column(Double)
+    metric: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(Text)
+    prediction_id: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(BigInteger)
+    raw_data: Mapped[dict[str, Any]] = mapped_column(JSONB(none_as_null=True))
+
+
+class Recommendation(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "recommendation"
+    __table_args__ = (
+        UniqueConstraint("alert_id", "rule_reference", name="uq_recommendation_alert_rule"),
+    )
+
+    recommendation_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(BigInteger, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
+    alert_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(
+        BigInteger,
+        ForeignKey("alert.alert_id", name="fk_recommendation_alert", ondelete="RESTRICT"),
+    )
+    action: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(Text)
+    explanation: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(Text)
+    rule_reference: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(Text)
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now())

apps/backend/app/models/login_attempt.py

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# Pourquoi : les tentatives vivent ici et non dans `audit_log`, qui est en ajout seul. Leur
+# volume est piloté par l'attaquant : une force brute y écrirait des millions de lignes
+# indestructibles. Cette table-ci se purge, et c'est aussi le compteur de la limitation.
+# Piège : la tentative est enregistrée même quand l'email est inconnu, sinon le 429 dirait
+# qu'un compte existe.
+
+import uuid
+from datetime import datetime
+from enum import StrEnum
+
+from sqlalchemy import BigInteger, CheckConstraint, DateTime, Identity, Index, String, Text, func
+from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import INET
+from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import UUID as PG_UUID
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column
+
+from app.db.base import Base
+
+
+class LoginOutcome(StrEnum):
+    SUCCES = "success"
+    IDENTIFIANTS_INVALIDES = "bad_credentials"
+    LIMITE = "throttled"
+    COMPTE_INDISPONIBLE = "inactive"
+
+
+ISSUES_AUTORISEES = ", ".join(f"'{issue.value}'" for issue in LoginOutcome)
+
+
+class LoginAttempt(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "login_attempt"
+    __table_args__ = (
+        CheckConstraint(f"outcome in ({ISSUES_AUTORISEES})", name="ck_login_attempt_outcome"),
+        Index("ix_login_attempt_email_date", "email_tried", "occurred_at"),
+        Index("ix_login_attempt_ip_date", "client_ip", "occurred_at"),
+    )
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(BigInteger, Identity(always=True), primary_key=True)
+    occurred_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
+        DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=False, server_default=func.now()
+    )
+    email_tried: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(320), nullable=False)
+    client_ip: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(INET, nullable=True)
+    outcome: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(Text, nullable=False)
+    user_id: Mapped[uuid.UUID | None] = mapped_column(PG_UUID(as_uuid=True), nullable=True)

apps/backend/app/models/refresh_token.py

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+# Pourquoi : un jeton de rafraîchissement est une chaîne opaque, jamais un JWT. Il doit être
+# révocable, donc cette ligne existe de toute façon ; le JWT n'ajouterait qu'un second chemin de
+# signature. Surtout, la séparation devient structurelle : un JWT ne figure dans aucune ligne,
+# une chaîne opaque échoue au décodage. Aucune confusion de type n'est possible.
+# Piège : `expires_at` est absolu et hérité du prédécesseur à chaque rotation. S'il glissait,
+# la promesse de sept jours serait fictive et une session active ne finirait jamais.
+
+import uuid
+from datetime import datetime
+from enum import StrEnum
+
+from sqlalchemy import CheckConstraint, DateTime, ForeignKey, Index, LargeBinary, Text, func
+from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import INET
+from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import UUID as PG_UUID
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column
+
+from app.db.base import Base
+
+
+class RevocationReason(StrEnum):
+    DECONNEXION = "logout"
+    ROTATION = "rotation"
+    REUTILISATION = "reuse_detected"
+    CHANGEMENT_MOT_DE_PASSE = "password_change"
+    ADMINISTRATION = "admin"
+
+
+MOTIFS_AUTORISES = ", ".join(f"'{motif.value}'" for motif in RevocationReason)
+
+
+class RefreshToken(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "refresh_token"
+    __table_args__ = (
+        CheckConstraint(
+            f"revoked_reason is null or revoked_reason in ({MOTIFS_AUTORISES})",
+            name="ck_refresh_token_revoked_reason",
+        ),
+        Index("ix_refresh_token_family", "family_id"),
+        Index("ix_refresh_token_user", "user_id"),
+        Index(
+            "ix_refresh_token_vivants",
+            "user_id",
+            postgresql_where="revoked_at is null and rotated_at is null",
+        ),
+    )
+
+    id: Mapped[uuid.UUID] = mapped_column(
+        PG_UUID(as_uuid=True), primary_key=True, server_default=func.gen_random_uuid()
+    )
+    family_id: Mapped[uuid.UUID] = mapped_column(PG_UUID(as_uuid=True), nullable=False)
+    user_id: Mapped[uuid.UUID] = mapped_column(
+        PG_UUID(as_uuid=True), ForeignKey("app_user.id", ondelete="CASCADE"), nullable=False
+    )
+    token_hash: Mapped[bytes] = mapped_column(LargeBinary, nullable=False, unique=True)
+    issued_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
+        DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=False, server_default=func.now()
+    )
+    expires_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=False)
+    rotated_at: Mapped[datetime | None] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=True)
+    revoked_at: Mapped[datetime | None] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=True)
+    revoked_reason: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(Text, nullable=True)
+    replaced_by: Mapped[uuid.UUID | None] = mapped_column(PG_UUID(as_uuid=True), nullable=True)
+    client_ip: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(INET, nullable=True)
+    user_agent: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(Text, nullable=True)

apps/backend/app/models/user.py

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# Contrainte : la table s'appelle `app_user` et non `user`, qui est un mot réservé PostgreSQL,
+# raccourci de `CURRENT_USER`. Le nom rappelle aussi qu'il s'agit d'un compte applicatif, par
+# opposition au rôle PostgreSQL qui porte, lui, le cantonnement des accès.
+
+import uuid
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from sqlalchemy import Boolean, CheckConstraint, DateTime, String, Text, func, text
+from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import UUID as PG_UUID
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column
+
+from app.core.roles import AccountKind, Role
+from app.db.base import Base
+
+ROLES_AUTORISES = ", ".join(f"'{role.value}'" for role in Role)
+NATURES_AUTORISEES = ", ".join(f"'{nature.value}'" for nature in AccountKind)
+
+
+class AppUser(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "app_user"
+    __table_args__ = (
+        CheckConstraint("email = lower(email)", name="ck_app_user_email_minuscule"),
+        CheckConstraint(f"role in ({ROLES_AUTORISES})", name="ck_app_user_role"),
+        CheckConstraint(f"kind in ({NATURES_AUTORISEES})", name="ck_app_user_kind"),
+    )
+
+    id: Mapped[uuid.UUID] = mapped_column(
+        PG_UUID(as_uuid=True), primary_key=True, server_default=func.gen_random_uuid()
+    )
+    email: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(320), unique=True, nullable=False)
+    password_hash: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(Text, nullable=False)
+    role: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(Text, nullable=False)
+    kind: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(Text, nullable=False, server_default=text("'human'"))
+    is_active: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=text("true"))
+    must_change_password: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(
+        Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=text("false")
+    )
+    # Une seule colonne couvre le changement de mot de passe, le changement de rôle et la
+    # désactivation : tout jeton émis avant cet instant est périmé.
+    credentials_changed_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
+        DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=False, server_default=func.now()
+    )
+    last_login_at: Mapped[datetime | None] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=True)
+    full_name: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(Text, nullable=True)
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
+        DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=False, server_default=func.now()
+    )
+    updated_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
+        DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=False, server_default=func.now(), onupdate=func.now()
+    )

apps/backend/app/repositories/alert.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+from sqlalchemy import select
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+
+from app.models.energy import Alert
+
+
+class AlertRepository:
+    def __init__(self, session: AsyncSession) -> None:
+        self._session = session
+
+    async def list_all(
+        self, *, site_id: str | None = None, severity: str | None = None
+    ) -> Sequence[Alert]:
+        requete = select(Alert).order_by(Alert.timestamp.desc(), Alert.alert_id.desc())
+        if site_id is not None:
+            requete = requete.where(Alert.site_id == site_id)
+        if severity is not None:
+            requete = requete.where(Alert.severity == severity)
+        return (await self._session.scalars(requete)).all()

apps/backend/app/repositories/audit_log.py

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+# Piège : `detail` passe par une liste blanche de clés et jamais par un `dict(**kwargs)`. La
+# table est en ajout seul : une clé inattendue qui porterait un secret ou une donnée
+# personnelle ne pourrait plus en être retirée.
+
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+from typing import Any
+
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+
+from app.core.principal import Principal
+from app.models.audit_log import AuditAction, AuditLog, AuditOutcome
+
+CLES_DE_DETAIL_AUTORISEES = frozenset(
+    {
+        "email",
+        "role_avant",
+        "role_apres",
+        "famille",
+        "motif",
+        "source",
+        "sessions_revoquees",
+    }
+)
+
+
+def assemble_detail(brut: Mapping[str, Any] | None) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    if not brut:
+        return {}
+    return {cle: valeur for cle, valeur in brut.items() if cle in CLES_DE_DETAIL_AUTORISEES}
+
+
+class AuditLogRepository:
+    def __init__(self, session: AsyncSession) -> None:
+        self._session = session
+
+    async def record(
+        self,
+        *,
+        action: AuditAction,
+        outcome: AuditOutcome = AuditOutcome.SUCCES,
+        actor: Principal | None = None,
+        actor_label: str | None = None,
+        target_type: str | None = None,
+        target_id: str | None = None,
+        client_ip: str | None = None,
+        user_agent: str | None = None,
+        detail: Mapping[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._session.add(
+            AuditLog(
+                actor_id=actor.id if actor else None,
+                actor_email=actor.email if actor else actor_label,
+                actor_role=actor.role.value if actor else None,
+                action=action.value,
+                target_type=target_type,
+                target_id=target_id,
+                outcome=outcome.value,
+                client_ip=client_ip,
+                user_agent=user_agent,
+                detail=assemble_detail(detail),
+            )
+        )

apps/backend/app/repositories/login_attempt.py

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+# Pourquoi : les trois compteurs tiennent en une seule requête, grâce aux clauses FILTER de
+# PostgreSQL. Trois `count(*)` séparés feraient trois allers-retours sur le chemin critique de
+# la connexion, qui est justement celui qu'un attaquant martèle.
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from datetime import UTC, datetime, timedelta
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from sqlalchemy import and_, func, select
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+
+from app.models.login_attempt import LoginAttempt, LoginOutcome
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
+class FailureCounts:
+    per_identifier_and_ip: int
+    per_ip: int
+    per_identifier: int
+
+
+class LoginAttemptRepository:
+    def __init__(self, session: AsyncSession) -> None:
+        self._session = session
+
+    async def record(
+        self,
+        *,
+        email: str,
+        client_ip: str | None,
+        outcome: LoginOutcome,
+        user_id: UUID | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._session.add(
+            LoginAttempt(
+                email_tried=email.strip().lower(),
+                client_ip=client_ip,
+                outcome=outcome.value,
+                user_id=user_id,
+            )
+        )
+
+    async def count_recent_failures(
+        self, *, email: str, client_ip: str | None, window_seconds: int
+    ) -> FailureCounts:
+        identifiant = email.strip().lower()
+        meme_email = LoginAttempt.email_tried == identifiant
+        meme_ip = LoginAttempt.client_ip == client_ip
+
+        requete = select(
+            func.count().filter(and_(meme_email, meme_ip)),
+            func.count().filter(meme_ip),
+            func.count().filter(meme_email),
+        ).where(
+            LoginAttempt.outcome != LoginOutcome.SUCCES.value,
+            LoginAttempt.occurred_at > datetime.now(UTC) - timedelta(seconds=window_seconds),
+            meme_email | meme_ip,
+        )
+
+        par_identifiant_et_ip, par_ip, par_identifiant = (
+            await self._session.execute(requete)
+        ).one()
+        return FailureCounts(
+            per_identifier_and_ip=par_identifiant_et_ip,
+            per_ip=par_ip,
+            per_identifier=par_identifiant,
+        )

apps/backend/app/repositories/reading.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+from sqlalchemy import select
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+
+from app.models.energy import Reading
+
+
+class ReadingRepository:
+    def __init__(self, session: AsyncSession) -> None:
+        self._session = session
+
+    async def latest_by_site(self) -> Sequence[Reading]:
+        # `.distinct(site_id)` compile en `DISTINCT ON (site_id)` sous PostgreSQL : une seule
+        # ligne par site, la plus récente grâce à l'ordre composite qui suit.
+        requete = (
+            select(Reading)
+            .distinct(Reading.site_id)
+            .order_by(Reading.site_id, Reading.timestamp.desc())
+        )
+        return (await self._session.execute(requete)).scalars().all()

apps/backend/app/repositories/recommendation.py

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+from sqlalchemy import select
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+
+from app.models.energy import Recommendation
+
+
+class RecommendationRepository:
+    def __init__(self, session: AsyncSession) -> None:
+        self._session = session
+
+    async def list_all(self) -> Sequence[Recommendation]:
+        requete = select(Recommendation).order_by(Recommendation.recommendation_id)
+        return (await self._session.scalars(requete)).all()
+
+    async def get_by_id(self, recommendation_id: int) -> Recommendation | None:
+        requete = select(Recommendation).where(
+            Recommendation.recommendation_id == recommendation_id
+        )
+        recommendation: Recommendation | None = await self._session.scalar(requete)
+        return recommendation

apps/backend/app/repositories/refresh_token.py

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# Piège : `claim_for_rotation()` est une seule instruction. Un SELECT puis un UPDATE
+# laisseraient une fenêtre où deux onglets réussissent la même rotation. Zéro ligne retournée
+# signifie donc, sans ambiguïté, que le jeton était déjà tourné, révoqué, expiré ou inconnu, et
+# c'est `inspect()` qui départage ensuite ces cas.
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from datetime import datetime
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from sqlalchemy import func, select, update
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+
+from app.models.refresh_token import RefreshToken, RevocationReason
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
+class ClaimedToken:
+    id: UUID
+    family_id: UUID
+    user_id: UUID
+    expires_at: datetime
+
+
+class RefreshTokenRepository:
+    def __init__(self, session: AsyncSession) -> None:
+        self._session = session
+
+    async def create(
+        self,
+        *,
+        user_id: UUID,
+        family_id: UUID,
+        token_hash: bytes,
+        expires_at: datetime,
+        client_ip: str | None,
+        user_agent: str | None,
+    ) -> RefreshToken:
+        jeton = RefreshToken(
+            user_id=user_id,
+            family_id=family_id,
+            token_hash=token_hash,
+            expires_at=expires_at,
+            client_ip=client_ip,
+            user_agent=user_agent,
+        )
+        self._session.add(jeton)
+        await self._session.flush()
+        return jeton
+
+    async def claim_for_rotation(self, token_hash: bytes) -> ClaimedToken | None:
+        requete = (
+            update(RefreshToken)
+            .where(
+                RefreshToken.token_hash == token_hash,
+                RefreshToken.rotated_at.is_(None),
+                RefreshToken.revoked_at.is_(None),
+                RefreshToken.expires_at > func.clock_timestamp(),
+            )
+            .values(
+                rotated_at=func.clock_timestamp(),
+                revoked_at=func.clock_timestamp(),
+                revoked_reason=RevocationReason.ROTATION.value,
+            )
+            .returning(
+                RefreshToken.id,
+                RefreshToken.family_id,
+                RefreshToken.user_id,
+                RefreshToken.expires_at,
+            )
+        )
+        ligne = (await self._session.execute(requete)).one_or_none()
+        if ligne is None:
+            return None
+        return ClaimedToken(
+            id=ligne.id,
+            family_id=ligne.family_id,
+            user_id=ligne.user_id,
+            expires_at=ligne.expires_at,
+        )
+
+    async def inspect(self, token_hash: bytes) -> RefreshToken | None:
+        requete = select(RefreshToken).where(RefreshToken.token_hash == token_hash)
+        return (await self._session.execute(requete)).scalar_one_or_none()
+
+    async def link_replacement(self, ancien_id: UUID, nouveau_id: UUID) -> None:
+        await self._session.execute(
+            update(RefreshToken).where(RefreshToken.id == ancien_id).values(replaced_by=nouveau_id)
+        )
+
+    async def revoke_family(self, family_id: UUID, reason: RevocationReason) -> int:
+        resultat = await self._session.execute(
+            update(RefreshToken)
+            .where(RefreshToken.family_id == family_id, RefreshToken.revoked_at.is_(None))
+            .values(revoked_at=func.clock_timestamp(), revoked_reason=reason.value)
+            .returning(RefreshToken.id)
+        )
+        return len(resultat.all())
+
+    async def revoke_all_for_user(self, user_id: UUID, reason: RevocationReason) -> int:
+        resultat = await self._session.execute(
+            update(RefreshToken)
+            .where(RefreshToken.user_id == user_id, RefreshToken.revoked_at.is_(None))
+            .values(revoked_at=func.clock_timestamp(), revoked_reason=reason.value)
+            .returning(RefreshToken.id)
+        )
+        return len(resultat.all())

apps/backend/app/repositories/site.py

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+from sqlalchemy import select
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+
+from app.models.energy import Site
+
+
+class SiteRepository:
+    def __init__(self, session: AsyncSession) -> None:
+        self._session = session
+
+    async def list_all(self) -> Sequence[Site]:
+        requete = select(Site).order_by(Site.site_id)
+        return (await self._session.scalars(requete)).all()
+
+    async def get_by_id(self, site_id: str) -> Site | None:
+        requete = select(Site).where(Site.site_id == site_id)
+        site: Site | None = await self._session.scalar(requete)
+        return site

apps/backend/app/repositories/user.py

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+# Piège : `set_role()` et `set_active()` avancent `credentials_changed_at`. C'est ce qui rend
+# un changement de rôle ou une désactivation effectifs à la requête suivante au lieu d'attendre
+# l'expiration du jeton d'accès. Une mise à jour qui l'oublierait laisserait 15 minutes de
+# privilèges périmés.
+
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from sqlalchemy import func, select, update
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+
+from app.core.roles import AccountKind, Role
+from app.models.user import AppUser
+
+
+class UserRepository:
+    def __init__(self, session: AsyncSession) -> None:
+        self._session = session
+
+    async def get_by_email(self, email: str) -> AppUser | None:
+        requete = select(AppUser).where(AppUser.email == email.strip().lower())
+        return (await self._session.execute(requete)).scalar_one_or_none()
+
+    async def get_by_id(self, user_id: UUID) -> AppUser | None:
+        return await self._session.get(AppUser, user_id)
+
+    async def list_all(self) -> Sequence[AppUser]:
+        requete = select(AppUser).order_by(AppUser.email)
+        return (await self._session.execute(requete)).scalars().all()
+
+    async def count_active_admins(self) -> int:
+        requete = (
+            select(func.count())
+            .select_from(AppUser)
+            .where(AppUser.role == Role.ADMIN.value, AppUser.is_active.is_(True))
+        )
+        return (await self._session.execute(requete)).scalar_one()
+
+    async def create(
+        self,
+        *,
+        email: str,
+        password_hash: str,
+        role: Role,
+        kind: AccountKind = AccountKind.HUMAIN,
+        full_name: str | None = None,
+        must_change_password: bool = False,
+    ) -> AppUser:
+        compte = AppUser(
+            email=email.strip().lower(),
+            password_hash=password_hash,
+            role=role.value,
+            kind=kind.value,
+            full_name=full_name,
+            must_change_password=must_change_password,
+        )
+        self._session.add(compte)
+        await self._session.flush()
+        return compte
+
+    async def update_password(
+        self, user_id: UUID, password_hash: str, *, must_change_password: bool
+    ) -> None:
+        await self._session.execute(
+            update(AppUser)
+            .where(AppUser.id == user_id)
+            .values(
+                password_hash=password_hash,
+                must_change_password=must_change_password,
+                credentials_changed_at=func.clock_timestamp(),
+            )
+        )
+
+    async def rehash_password(self, user_id: UUID, password_hash: str) -> None:
+        # Un simple recalcul avec des paramètres Argon2 plus récents ne périme aucun jeton.
+        await self._session.execute(
+            update(AppUser).where(AppUser.id == user_id).values(password_hash=password_hash)
+        )
+
+    async def touch_last_login(self, user_id: UUID) -> None:
+        await self._session.execute(
+            update(AppUser).where(AppUser.id == user_id).values(last_login_at=func.now())
+        )
+
+    async def set_role(self, user_id: UUID, role: Role) -> None:
+        await self._session.execute(
+            update(AppUser)
+            .where(AppUser.id == user_id)
+            .values(role=role.value, credentials_changed_at=func.clock_timestamp())
+        )
+
+    async def set_active(self, user_id: UUID, *, is_active: bool) -> None:
+        await self._session.execute(
+            update(AppUser)
+            .where(AppUser.id == user_id)
+            .values(is_active=is_active, credentials_changed_at=func.clock_timestamp())
+        )

apps/backend/app/schemas/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from app.schemas.health import LivenessStatus, ReadinessStatus
+
+__all__ = ["LivenessStatus", "ReadinessStatus"]

apps/backend/app/schemas/alert.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+from datetime import datetime
+from enum import StrEnum
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
+
+
+class AlertType(StrEnum):
+    SPIKE = "spike"
+    THRESHOLD = "threshold"
+    ANOMALY = "anomaly"
+    OUTAGE = "outage"
+    SENSOR = "sensor"
+
+
+class AlertSeverity(StrEnum):
+    LOW = "low"
+    MEDIUM = "medium"
+    HIGH = "high"
+    CRITICAL = "critical"
+
+
+class AlertResponse(BaseModel):
+    model_config = ConfigDict(from_attributes=True)
+
+    alert_id: int
+    site_id: str
+    timestamp: datetime
+    type: AlertType
+    severity: AlertSeverity
+    message: str
+    value: float | None
+    threshold: float | None
+    metric: str | None
+    prediction_id: int | None

apps/backend/app/schemas/auth.py

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# Contrainte : le mot de passe est borné à 128 caractères. Sans plafond, une chaîne de dix
+# mégaoctets ferait travailler Argon2 gratuitement, à la charge du serveur.
+
+from typing import Literal, Self
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, EmailStr, Field
+
+from app.core.principal import Principal
+from app.core.roles import AccountKind, Role
+
+PASSWORD_MIN_LENGTH = 12
+PASSWORD_MAX_LENGTH = 128
+
+
+class LoginRequest(BaseModel):
+    email: EmailStr
+    password: str = Field(min_length=1, max_length=PASSWORD_MAX_LENGTH)
+
+
+class PasswordChangeRequest(BaseModel):
+    current_password: str = Field(min_length=1, max_length=PASSWORD_MAX_LENGTH)
+    new_password: str = Field(min_length=PASSWORD_MIN_LENGTH, max_length=PASSWORD_MAX_LENGTH)
+
+
+class PrincipalResponse(BaseModel):
+    model_config = ConfigDict(from_attributes=True)
+
+    id: UUID
+    email: str
+    role: Role
+    kind: AccountKind
+    must_change_password: bool
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_principal(cls, principal: Principal) -> Self:
+        return cls.model_validate(principal)
+
+
+class TokenResponse(BaseModel):
+    access_token: str
+    token_type: Literal["bearer"] = "bearer"  # noqa: S105
+    expires_in: int
+    principal: PrincipalResponse

apps/backend/app/schemas/errors.py

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# Piège : ces modèles ne décrivent rien, ils publient. Ce sont eux que Swagger montre, donc ils
+# doivent suivre `validation_error_handler()` et `unhandled_error_handler()` d'`app/api/errors.py`
+# à la lettre. Un champ renommé là-bas sans l'être ici rend la documentation fausse en silence.
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+
+class ErrorResponse(BaseModel):
+    detail: str
+
+
+class FieldError(BaseModel):
+    champ: str
+    type: str
+
+
+class ValidationErrorResponse(BaseModel):
+    detail: list[FieldError]
+
+
+class InternalErrorResponse(BaseModel):
+    detail: str
+    correlation: str

apps/backend/app/schemas/health.py

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+from typing import Literal
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+
+class LivenessStatus(BaseModel):
+    status: Literal["ok"]
+    service: str
+    version: str
+    environment: str
+
+
+# Contrainte : la sonde ne publie pas la version de TimescaleDB. Une version exacte de
+# composant, servie sans authentification, est de la reconnaissance gratuite pour qui
+# cherche une CVE. Elle part dans le journal, où elle sert au diagnostic.
+class ReadinessStatus(BaseModel):
+    status: Literal["ready"]
+    database: Literal["reachable"]
+    timescaledb: Literal["loaded"]

apps/backend/app/schemas/recommendation.py

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
+
+
+class RecommendationResponse(BaseModel):
+    model_config = ConfigDict(from_attributes=True)
+
+    recommendation_id: int
+    alert_id: int
+    action: str
+    explanation: str
+    rule_reference: str
+    created_at: datetime

apps/backend/app/schemas/site.py

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
+
+
+class SiteResponse(BaseModel):
+    model_config = ConfigDict(from_attributes=True)
+
+    site_id: str
+    site_name: str
+    site_type: str
+    location: str | None
+    capacity_kw: float | None
+    status: str | None

apps/backend/app/schemas/stats.py

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+from datetime import datetime
+from typing import Literal
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
+
+
+class SiteSummaryResponse(BaseModel):
+    model_config = ConfigDict(from_attributes=True)
+
+    site_id: str
+    site_name: str
+    current_consumption_kw: float | None
+    capacity_kw: float
+    load_percent: float | None
+    data_quality: Literal["good", "partial", "degraded", "critical"]
+
+
+class StatsSummaryResponse(BaseModel):
+    model_config = ConfigDict(from_attributes=True)
+
+    timestamp: datetime
+    total_sites: int
+    total_consumption_kw: float
+    total_capacity_kw: float
+    average_load_percent: float
+    sites: list[SiteSummaryResponse]

apps/backend/app/schemas/user.py

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# Contrainte : les schémas de lecture et d'écriture sont séparés. Un modèle unique laisserait
+# passer `role` ou `is_active` depuis un corps de requête, et renverrait `password_hash` en
+# réponse. C'est l'attribution de masse, API3 du top 10 API.
+
+from datetime import datetime
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, EmailStr, Field
+
+from app.core.roles import AccountKind, Role
+
+
+class UserCreateRequest(BaseModel):
+    email: EmailStr
+    role: Role
+    full_name: str | None = Field(default=None, max_length=200)
+
+
+class UserUpdateRequest(BaseModel):
+    role: Role | None = None
+    is_active: bool | None = None
+
+
+class UserResponse(BaseModel):
+    model_config = ConfigDict(from_attributes=True)
+
+    id: UUID
+    email: str
+    role: Role
+    kind: AccountKind
+    is_active: bool
+    must_change_password: bool
+    full_name: str | None
+    last_login_at: datetime | None
+    created_at: datetime
+
+
+class TemporaryPasswordResponse(BaseModel):
+    # Affiché une seule fois : l'empreinte seule est conservée côté serveur.
+    user: UserResponse
+    temporary_password: str

apps/backend/app/services/alert.py

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+from app.models.energy import Alert
+from app.repositories.alert import AlertRepository
+
+
+class AlertService:
+    def __init__(self, *, alerts: AlertRepository) -> None:
+        self._alerts = alerts
+
+    async def list_all(
+        self, *, site_id: str | None = None, severity: str | None = None
+    ) -> Sequence[Alert]:
+        return await self._alerts.list_all(site_id=site_id, severity=severity)

apps/backend/app/services/auth.py

@@ -0,0 +1,322 @@
+# Piège : les compteurs de limitation sont lus AVANT le hachage Argon2. Dans l'autre ordre,
+# chaque requête rejetée coûterait quand même 17 ms de processeur et 19 Mio de mémoire, et la
+# protection deviendrait l'amplificateur de déni de service qu'elle est censée empêcher.
+# Piège : quand l'email est inconnu, `verify_dummy()` consomme le même temps qu'une
+# vérification réelle. Sans lui, l'écart de temps de réponse est un oracle d'existence.
+# Piège : la tentative échouée est validée en base AVANT que l'erreur ne soit levée.
+# `get_session()` ne valide pas de lui-même, donc la preuve disparaîtrait avec la transaction.
+# Piège : dans `refresh()`, un jeton expiré ne révoque PAS la famille, un jeton déjà tourné si.
+# La rotation ne protège de rien par elle-même : elle rend la réutilisation détectable, et
+# c'est la détection qui termine le vol.
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from datetime import UTC, datetime, timedelta
+from typing import NoReturn, Protocol
+from uuid import UUID, uuid4
+
+from app.core.hashing import Argon2Hasher
+from app.core.principal import Principal
+from app.core.roles import AccountKind, Role
+from app.core.security import (
+    TokenPolicy,
+    encode_access_token,
+    fingerprint_refresh,
+    generate_refresh_secret,
+)
+from app.models.audit_log import AuditAction, AuditOutcome
+from app.models.login_attempt import LoginOutcome
+from app.models.refresh_token import RevocationReason
+from app.repositories.audit_log import AuditLogRepository
+from app.repositories.login_attempt import LoginAttemptRepository
+from app.repositories.refresh_token import RefreshTokenRepository
+from app.repositories.user import UserRepository
+
+
+class Transaction(Protocol):
+    async def commit(self) -> None: ...
+
+
+class AuthError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class InvalidCredentialsError(AuthError):
+    pass
+
+
+class SessionRejectedError(AuthError):
+    pass
+
+
+class RateLimitedError(AuthError):
+    def __init__(self, retry_after: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__("Trop de tentatives")
+        self.retry_after = retry_after
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
+class LoginPolicy:
+    window_seconds: int
+    max_failures_per_identifier_and_ip: int
+    max_failures_per_ip: int
+    max_failures_per_identifier: int
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
+class AuthenticatedSession:
+    principal: Principal
+    access_token: str
+    expires_in: int
+    refresh_secret: str
+
+
+class AuthService:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        users: UserRepository,
+        attempts: LoginAttemptRepository,
+        refresh_tokens: RefreshTokenRepository,
+        audit: AuditLogRepository,
+        hasher: Argon2Hasher,
+        transaction: Transaction,
+        token_policy: TokenPolicy,
+        login_policy: LoginPolicy,
+        refresh_ttl: timedelta,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._users = users
+        self._attempts = attempts
+        self._refresh = refresh_tokens
+        self._audit = audit
+        self._hasher = hasher
+        self._transaction = transaction
+        self._token_policy = token_policy
+        self._login_policy = login_policy
+        self._refresh_ttl = refresh_ttl
+
+    async def authenticate(
+        self, *, email: str, password: str, client_ip: str | None, user_agent: str | None
+    ) -> AuthenticatedSession:
+        await self._refuse_si_limite(email=email, client_ip=client_ip, user_agent=user_agent)
+
+        compte = await self._users.get_by_email(email)
+        if compte is None:
+            await self._hasher.verify_dummy()
+            await self._echoue(email, client_ip, LoginOutcome.IDENTIFIANTS_INVALIDES)
+
+        if not await self._hasher.verify(compte.password_hash, password):
+            await self._echoue(
+                email, client_ip, LoginOutcome.IDENTIFIANTS_INVALIDES, user_id=compte.id
+            )
+
+        if not compte.is_active or compte.kind != AccountKind.HUMAIN.value:
+            await self._echoue(
+                email, client_ip, LoginOutcome.COMPTE_INDISPONIBLE, user_id=compte.id
+            )
+
+        if self._hasher.needs_rehash(compte.password_hash):
+            await self._users.rehash_password(compte.id, await self._hasher.hash(password))
+
+        await self._users.touch_last_login(compte.id)
+        await self._attempts.record(
+            email=email, client_ip=client_ip, outcome=LoginOutcome.SUCCES, user_id=compte.id
+        )
+        secret = await self._ouvre_une_famille(
+            user_id=compte.id, client_ip=client_ip, user_agent=user_agent
+        )
+        await self._transaction.commit()
+
+        return self._session(self._en_principal(compte), secret)
+
+    async def refresh(
+        self, *, secret: str, client_ip: str | None, user_agent: str | None
+    ) -> AuthenticatedSession:
+        empreinte = fingerprint_refresh(secret)
+        revendique = await self._refresh.claim_for_rotation(empreinte)
+        if revendique is None:
+            await self._traite_rotation_refusee(empreinte, client_ip, user_agent)
+
+        compte = await self._users.get_by_id(revendique.user_id)
+        if compte is None or not compte.is_active:
+            await self._refresh.revoke_family(revendique.family_id, RevocationReason.ADMINISTRATION)
+            await self._transaction.commit()
+            raise SessionRejectedError("Session révoquée")
+
+        nouveau_secret = generate_refresh_secret()
+        nouveau = await self._refresh.create(
+            user_id=revendique.user_id,
+            family_id=revendique.family_id,
+            token_hash=fingerprint_refresh(nouveau_secret),
+            expires_at=revendique.expires_at,
+            client_ip=client_ip,
+            user_agent=user_agent,
+        )
+        await self._refresh.link_replacement(revendique.id, nouveau.id)
+        await self._transaction.commit()
+
+        return self._session(self._en_principal(compte), nouveau_secret)
+
+    async def logout(self, *, secret: str) -> None:
+        ligne = await self._refresh.inspect(fingerprint_refresh(secret))
+        if ligne is not None:
+            await self._refresh.revoke_family(ligne.family_id, RevocationReason.DECONNEXION)
+        await self._transaction.commit()
+
+    async def change_password(
+        self,
+        *,
+        principal: Principal,
+        current_password: str,
+        new_password: str,
+        client_ip: str | None,
+        user_agent: str | None,
+    ) -> AuthenticatedSession:
+        compte = await self._users.get_by_id(principal.id)
+        if compte is None or not await self._hasher.verify(compte.password_hash, current_password):
+            raise InvalidCredentialsError("Identifiants invalides")
+
+        await self._users.update_password(
+            principal.id, await self._hasher.hash(new_password), must_change_password=False
+        )
+        # Toutes les sessions tombent, puis on en rouvre une : l'appareil courant reste
+        # connecté et tous les autres sont déconnectés.
+        revoquees = await self._refresh.revoke_all_for_user(
+            principal.id, RevocationReason.CHANGEMENT_MOT_DE_PASSE
+        )
+        secret = await self._ouvre_une_famille(
+            user_id=principal.id, client_ip=client_ip, user_agent=user_agent
+        )
+        await self._audit.record(
+            action=AuditAction.COMPTE_MOT_DE_PASSE_CHANGE,
+            actor=principal,
+            target_type="app_user",
+            target_id=str(principal.id),
+            client_ip=client_ip,
+            user_agent=user_agent,
+            detail={"sessions_revoquees": revoquees},
+        )
+        await self._transaction.commit()
+
+        rafraichi = await self._users.get_by_id(principal.id)
+        return self._session(self._en_principal(rafraichi or compte), secret)
+
+    async def logout_all(self, principal: Principal) -> int:
+        revoquees = await self._refresh.revoke_all_for_user(
+            principal.id, RevocationReason.DECONNEXION
+        )
+        await self._audit.record(
+            action=AuditAction.SESSIONS_REVOQUEES,
+            actor=principal,
+            detail={"sessions_revoquees": revoquees},
+        )
+        await self._transaction.commit()
+        return revoquees
+
+    def _session(self, principal: Principal, refresh_secret: str) -> AuthenticatedSession:
+        jeton = encode_access_token(
+            self._token_policy,
+            subject=principal.id,
+            role=principal.role.value,
+            kind=principal.kind.value,
+        )
+        return AuthenticatedSession(
+            principal=principal,
+            access_token=jeton,
+            expires_in=int(self._token_policy.access_ttl.total_seconds()),
+            refresh_secret=refresh_secret,
+        )
+
+    def _en_principal(self, compte: object) -> Principal:
+        return Principal(
+            id=compte.id,  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            email=compte.email,  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            role=Role(compte.role),  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            kind=AccountKind(compte.kind),  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            must_change_password=compte.must_change_password,  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        )
+
+    async def _ouvre_une_famille(
+        self, *, user_id: UUID, client_ip: str | None, user_agent: str | None
+    ) -> str:
+        secret = generate_refresh_secret()
+        await self._refresh.create(
+            user_id=user_id,
+            family_id=uuid4(),
+            token_hash=fingerprint_refresh(secret),
+            expires_at=datetime.now(UTC) + self._refresh_ttl,
+            client_ip=client_ip,
+            user_agent=user_agent,
+        )
+        return secret
+
+    async def _traite_rotation_refusee(
+        self, empreinte: bytes, client_ip: str | None, user_agent: str | None
+    ) -> NoReturn:
+        ligne = await self._refresh.inspect(empreinte)
+        if ligne is None:
+            raise SessionRejectedError("Session inconnue")
+
+        if ligne.expires_at <= datetime.now(UTC):
+            raise SessionRejectedError("Session expirée")
+
+        # Présenter un jeton déjà tourné est une preuve de compromission, pas un accident : toute
+        # la famille tombe, y compris la session encore vivante du voleur ou de la victime.
+        revoquees = await self._refresh.revoke_family(
+            ligne.family_id, RevocationReason.REUTILISATION
+        )
+        await self._audit.record(
+            action=AuditAction.REFRESH_REUTILISE,
+            outcome=AuditOutcome.ECHEC,
+            target_type="refresh_token",
+            target_id=str(ligne.family_id),
+            client_ip=client_ip,
+            user_agent=user_agent,
+            detail={"famille": str(ligne.family_id), "sessions_revoquees": revoquees},
+        )
+        await self._transaction.commit()
+        raise SessionRejectedError("Session révoquée")
+
+    async def _refuse_si_limite(
+        self, *, email: str, client_ip: str | None, user_agent: str | None
+    ) -> None:
+        politique = self._login_policy
+        compteurs = await self._attempts.count_recent_failures(
+            email=email, client_ip=client_ip, window_seconds=politique.window_seconds
+        )
+
+        depasse = (
+            compteurs.per_identifier_and_ip >= politique.max_failures_per_identifier_and_ip
+            or compteurs.per_ip >= politique.max_failures_per_ip
+            or compteurs.per_identifier >= politique.max_failures_per_identifier
+        )
+        if not depasse:
+            return
+
+        await self._attempts.record(email=email, client_ip=client_ip, outcome=LoginOutcome.LIMITE)
+        # Un blocage déclenché par l'identifiant seul signe une attaque distribuée : lui seul
+        # mérite une trace durable, les échecs ordinaires restent dans `login_attempt`.
+        if compteurs.per_identifier >= politique.max_failures_per_identifier:
+            await self._audit.record(
+                action=AuditAction.LIMITE_PAR_IDENTIFIANT,
+                outcome=AuditOutcome.ECHEC,
+                actor_label=email.strip().lower(),
+                client_ip=client_ip,
+                user_agent=user_agent,
+                detail={"motif": "seuil par identifiant depasse"},
+            )
+        await self._transaction.commit()
+        raise RateLimitedError(politique.window_seconds)
+
+    async def _echoue(
+        self,
+        email: str,
+        client_ip: str | None,
+        outcome: LoginOutcome,
+        *,
+        user_id: UUID | None = None,
+    ) -> NoReturn:
+        await self._attempts.record(
+            email=email, client_ip=client_ip, outcome=outcome, user_id=user_id
+        )
+        await self._transaction.commit()
+        raise InvalidCredentialsError("Identifiants invalides")

apps/backend/app/services/recommendation.py

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+from app.models.energy import Recommendation
+from app.repositories.recommendation import RecommendationRepository
+
+
+class RecommendationError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class RecommendationNotFoundError(RecommendationError):
+    pass
+
+
+class RecommendationService:
+    def __init__(self, *, recommendations: RecommendationRepository) -> None:
+        self._recommendations = recommendations
+
+    async def list_all(self) -> Sequence[Recommendation]:
+        return await self._recommendations.list_all()
+
+    async def get_by_id(self, recommendation_id: int) -> Recommendation:
+        recommendation = await self._recommendations.get_by_id(recommendation_id)
+        if recommendation is None:
+            raise RecommendationNotFoundError(recommendation_id)
+        return recommendation

apps/backend/app/services/site.py

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+from app.models.energy import Site
+from app.repositories.site import SiteRepository
+
+
+class SiteError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class SiteNotFoundError(SiteError):
+    pass
+
+
+class SiteService:
+    def __init__(self, *, sites: SiteRepository) -> None:
+        self._sites = sites
+
+    async def list_all(self) -> Sequence[Site]:
+        return await self._sites.list_all()
+
+    async def get_by_id(self, site_id: str) -> Site:
+        site = await self._sites.get_by_id(site_id)
+        if site is None:
+            raise SiteNotFoundError(site_id)
+        return site

apps/backend/app/services/stats.py

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from datetime import UTC, datetime
+from typing import Literal
+
+from app.models.energy import Reading, Site
+from app.repositories.reading import ReadingRepository
+from app.repositories.site import SiteRepository
+
+DataQuality = Literal["good", "partial", "degraded", "critical"]
+
+QUALITES_CONNUES: frozenset[str] = frozenset({"good", "partial", "degraded", "critical"})
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
+class SiteConsumption:
+    site_id: str
+    site_name: str
+    current_consumption_kw: float | None
+    capacity_kw: float
+    load_percent: float | None
+    data_quality: DataQuality
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
+class ConsumptionSummary:
+    timestamp: datetime
+    total_sites: int
+    total_consumption_kw: float
+    total_capacity_kw: float
+    average_load_percent: float
+    sites: list[SiteConsumption]
+
+
+class StatsService:
+    def __init__(self, sites: SiteRepository, readings: ReadingRepository) -> None:
+        self._sites = sites
+        self._readings = readings
+
+    async def summary(self) -> ConsumptionSummary:
+        sites = await self._sites.list_all()
+        dernieres = {lecture.site_id: lecture for lecture in await self._readings.latest_by_site()}
+
+        resumes = [self._resume_site(site, dernieres.get(site.site_id)) for site in sites]
+        consommation_totale = sum(r.current_consumption_kw or 0 for r in resumes)
+        capacite_totale = sum(r.capacity_kw for r in resumes)
+
+        return ConsumptionSummary(
+            timestamp=datetime.now(UTC),
+            total_sites=len(resumes),
+            total_consumption_kw=consommation_totale,
+            total_capacity_kw=capacite_totale,
+            average_load_percent=(
+                consommation_totale / capacite_totale * 100 if capacite_totale > 0 else 0
+            ),
+            sites=resumes,
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _resume_site(site: Site, derniere: Reading | None) -> SiteConsumption:
+        capacite = site.capacity_kw or 0
+        # Piège : `data_quality` est nul dès qu'un site n'a jamais reçu de lecture, ou que le
+        # producteur n'a pas su la qualifier. Le contrat frontend n'a pas de valeur pour ce cas,
+        # `critical` est la seule des quatre qui n'induit pas une confiance qu'on n'a pas.
+        qualite: DataQuality = "critical"
+        consommation = None
+        if derniere is not None and derniere.data_quality in QUALITES_CONNUES:
+            qualite = derniere.data_quality  # type: ignore[assignment]
+            consommation = derniere.consumption_kw
+
+        charge = (
+            consommation / capacite * 100 if consommation is not None and capacite > 0 else None
+        )
+
+        return SiteConsumption(
+            site_id=site.site_id,
+            site_name=site.site_name,
+            current_consumption_kw=consommation,
+            capacity_kw=capacite,
+            load_percent=charge,
+            data_quality=qualite,
+        )

apps/backend/app/services/user.py

@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+# Piège : `change_role()` et `set_active()` refusent de toucher au dernier administrateur actif.
+# Sans cette garde, un administrateur peut se rétrograder ou se désactiver lui-même, et plus
+# personne ne peut administrer la plateforme sans repasser par `psql`.
+
+import secrets
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Protocol
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from app.core.hashing import Argon2Hasher
+from app.core.principal import Principal
+from app.core.roles import Role
+from app.models.audit_log import AuditAction
+from app.models.refresh_token import RevocationReason
+from app.models.user import AppUser
+from app.repositories.audit_log import AuditLogRepository
+from app.repositories.refresh_token import RefreshTokenRepository
+from app.repositories.user import UserRepository
+
+LONGUEUR_MOT_DE_PASSE_TEMPORAIRE = 18
+
+
+class Transaction(Protocol):
+    async def commit(self) -> None: ...
+
+
+class UserError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class UserNotFoundError(UserError):
+    pass
+
+
+class EmailAlreadyUsedError(UserError):
+    pass
+
+
+class LastAdminError(UserError):
+    pass
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
+class CreatedUser:
+    user: AppUser
+    temporary_password: str
+
+
+class UserService:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        users: UserRepository,
+        refresh_tokens: RefreshTokenRepository,
+        audit: AuditLogRepository,
+        hasher: Argon2Hasher,
+        transaction: Transaction,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._users = users
+        self._refresh = refresh_tokens
+        self._audit = audit
+        self._hasher = hasher
+        self._transaction = transaction
+
+    async def list_all(self) -> Sequence[AppUser]:
+        return await self._users.list_all()
+
+    async def create(
+        self, *, actor: Principal, email: str, role: Role, full_name: str | None
+    ) -> CreatedUser:
+        if await self._users.get_by_email(email) is not None:
+            raise EmailAlreadyUsedError(email)
+
+        provisoire = secrets.token_urlsafe(LONGUEUR_MOT_DE_PASSE_TEMPORAIRE)
+        compte = await self._users.create(
+            email=email,
+            password_hash=await self._hasher.hash(provisoire),
+            role=role,
+            full_name=full_name,
+            must_change_password=True,
+        )
+        await self._audit.record(
+            action=AuditAction.COMPTE_CREE,
+            actor=actor,
+            target_type="app_user",
+            target_id=str(compte.id),
+            detail={"email": compte.email, "role_apres": role.value},
+        )
+        await self._transaction.commit()
+        return CreatedUser(user=compte, temporary_password=provisoire)
+
+    async def change_role(self, *, actor: Principal, user_id: UUID, role: Role) -> AppUser:
+        compte = await self._exige(user_id)
+        if compte.role == role.value:
+            return compte
+
+        await self._refuse_si_dernier_admin(compte, futur_role=role, futur_actif=compte.is_active)
+        avant = compte.role
+        await self._users.set_role(user_id, role)
+        await self._refresh.revoke_all_for_user(user_id, RevocationReason.ADMINISTRATION)
+        await self._audit.record(
+            action=AuditAction.COMPTE_ROLE_CHANGE,
+            actor=actor,
+            target_type="app_user",
+            target_id=str(user_id),
+            detail={"role_avant": avant, "role_apres": role.value},
+        )
+        await self._transaction.commit()
+        return await self._exige(user_id)
+
+    async def set_active(self, *, actor: Principal, user_id: UUID, is_active: bool) -> AppUser:
+        compte = await self._exige(user_id)
+        if compte.is_active == is_active:
+            return compte
+
+        await self._refuse_si_dernier_admin(
+            compte, futur_role=Role(compte.role), futur_actif=is_active
+        )
+        await self._users.set_active(user_id, is_active=is_active)
+        if not is_active:
+            await self._refresh.revoke_all_for_user(user_id, RevocationReason.ADMINISTRATION)
+        await self._audit.record(
+            action=AuditAction.COMPTE_ACTIVE if is_active else AuditAction.COMPTE_DESACTIVE,
+            actor=actor,
+            target_type="app_user",
+            target_id=str(user_id),
+        )
+        await self._transaction.commit()
+        return await self._exige(user_id)
+
+    async def reset_password(self, *, actor: Principal, user_id: UUID) -> CreatedUser:
+        compte = await self._exige(user_id)
+        provisoire = secrets.token_urlsafe(LONGUEUR_MOT_DE_PASSE_TEMPORAIRE)
+
+        await self._users.update_password(
+            user_id, await self._hasher.hash(provisoire), must_change_password=True
+        )
+        await self._refresh.revoke_all_for_user(user_id, RevocationReason.CHANGEMENT_MOT_DE_PASSE)
+        await self._audit.record(
+            action=AuditAction.COMPTE_MOT_DE_PASSE_REINITIALISE,
+            actor=actor,
+            target_type="app_user",
+            target_id=str(user_id),
+            detail={"email": compte.email},
+        )
+        await self._transaction.commit()
+        return CreatedUser(user=await self._exige(user_id), temporary_password=provisoire)
+
+    async def _exige(self, user_id: UUID) -> AppUser:
+        compte = await self._users.get_by_id(user_id)
+        if compte is None:
+            raise UserNotFoundError(str(user_id))
+        return compte
+
+    async def _refuse_si_dernier_admin(
+        self, compte: AppUser, *, futur_role: Role, futur_actif: bool
+    ) -> None:
+        etait_admin = compte.role == Role.ADMIN.value and compte.is_active
+        reste_admin = futur_role is Role.ADMIN and futur_actif
+        if not etait_admin or reste_admin:
+            return
+        if await self._users.count_active_admins() <= 1:
+            raise LastAdminError(str(compte.id))

apps/backend/pyproject.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+[project]
+name = "enervision-backend"
+version = "0.1.0"
+description = "API EnerVision : exposition des series temporelles energetiques"
+requires-python = ">=3.14,<3.15"
+dependencies = [
+    "fastapi>=0.141.1",
+    "uvicorn[standard]>=0.53.0",
+    "pydantic[email]>=2.13.5",
+    "pydantic-settings>=2.15.0",
+    "sqlalchemy[asyncio]>=2.0.52",
+    "asyncpg>=0.31.0",
+    "alembic>=1.20.0",
+    "prometheus-fastapi-instrumentator>=8.1.0",
+    "python-json-logger>=4.2.0",
+    "pyjwt>=2.10",
+    "argon2-cffi>=23.1",
+    "anyio>=4.0",
+]
+
+[dependency-groups]
+dev = [
+    "ruff>=0.16.7",
+    "mypy>=2.3.1",
+    "pytest>=9.1.1",
+    "pytest-asyncio>=1.4.0",
+    "pytest-cov>=7.1.0",
+    "httpx>=0.28.1",
+]
+
+[build-system]
+requires = ["hatchling>=1.32.0"]
+build-backend = "hatchling.build"
+
+[tool.hatch.build.targets.wheel]
+packages = ["app"]
+
+[tool.ruff]
+line-length = 100
+target-version = "py314"
+src = ["app", "tests"]
+extend-exclude = ["alembic/versions"]
+
+[tool.ruff.lint]
+select = [
+    "E", "W",
+    "F",
+    "I",
+    "N",
+    "UP",
+    "B",
+    "C4",
+    "SIM",
+    "TID",
+    "RUF",
+    "ASYNC",
+    "S",
+    "PT",
+]
+ignore = ["B008"]
+
+[tool.ruff.lint.per-file-ignores]
+# S105 à S107 signalent les secrets en dur, qui sont justement la matière des tests d'auth.
+"tests/**/*.py" = ["S101", "S105", "S106", "S107"]
+
+[tool.ruff.lint.isort]
+known-first-party = ["app"]
+
+[tool.ruff.format]
+quote-style = "double"
+
+[tool.mypy]
+python_version = "3.14"
+strict = true
+warn_unreachable = true
+plugins = ["pydantic.mypy"]
+exclude = ["^alembic/"]
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["tests.*"]
+disallow_untyped_defs = false
+
+[tool.pytest.ini_options]
+testpaths = ["tests"]
+asyncio_mode = "auto"
+asyncio_default_fixture_loop_scope = "function"
+addopts = "-q --strict-markers -m 'not integration' --cov=app --cov-report=term-missing"
+markers = ["integration: requiert une base PostgreSQL joignable, hors `make test`"]
+
+[tool.coverage.run]
+source = ["app"]
+branch = true
+omit = ["alembic/*"]
+
+[tool.coverage.report]
+show_missing = true

apps/backend/tests/api/test_alerts.py

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterator
+from datetime import UTC, datetime
+from uuid import uuid4
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from httpx import AsyncClient
+
+from app.api.deps import get_alert_service, get_current_principal
+from app.core.principal import Principal
+from app.core.roles import AccountKind, Role
+from app.models.energy import Alert
+from app.schemas.alert import AlertSeverity
+
+
+def principal(role: Role = Role.LECTEUR) -> Principal:
+    return Principal(
+        id=uuid4(),
+        email=f"{role.value}@enervision.fr",
+        role=role,
+        kind=AccountKind.HUMAIN,
+        must_change_password=False,
+    )
+
+
+def alert(alert_id: int = 1, site_id: str = "site-1", severity: str = "high") -> Alert:
+    return Alert(
+        alert_id=alert_id,
+        source_alert_id=f"ALR-{alert_id}",
+        site_id=site_id,
+        source="enervision",
+        timestamp=datetime(2026, 9, 16, tzinfo=UTC),
+        type="threshold",
+        severity=severity,
+        message="Dépassement du seuil configuré",
+        value=812.5,
+        threshold=720.0,
+        metric="consumption_kw",
+        prediction_id=None,
+        raw_data={},
+    )
+
+
+class FauxService:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.alert = alert()
+        self.appels: list[tuple[str | None, str | None]] = []
+
+    async def list_all(
+        self, *, site_id: str | None = None, severity: str | None = None
+    ) -> list[Alert]:
+        self.appels.append((site_id, severity))
+        return [self.alert]
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def lecteur_connecte(app: FastAPI) -> Iterator[None]:
+    app.dependency_overrides[get_current_principal] = lambda: principal()
+    yield
+    app.dependency_overrides.pop(get_current_principal, None)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def servi(app: FastAPI, lecteur_connecte: None) -> Iterator[Callable[[], FauxService]]:
+    def installe() -> FauxService:
+        service = FauxService()
+        app.dependency_overrides[get_alert_service] = lambda: service
+        return service
+
+    yield installe
+    app.dependency_overrides.pop(get_alert_service, None)
+
+
+async def test_list_alerts_returns_the_alerts(
+    servi: Callable[[], FauxService], client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    servi()
+
+    response = await client.get("/api/v1/alerts")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    corps = response.json()
+    assert corps == [
+        {
+            "alert_id": 1,
+            "site_id": "site-1",
+            "timestamp": "2026-09-16T00:00:00Z",
+            "type": "threshold",
+            "severity": "high",
+            "message": "Dépassement du seuil configuré",
+            "value": 812.5,
+            "threshold": 720.0,
+            "metric": "consumption_kw",
+            "prediction_id": None,
+        }
+    ]
+
+
+async def test_list_alerts_transmits_the_site_id_filter(
+    servi: Callable[[], FauxService], client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    service = servi()
+
+    await client.get("/api/v1/alerts?site_id=site-1")
+
+    assert service.appels == [("site-1", None)]
+
+
+async def test_list_alerts_transmits_the_severity_filter(
+    servi: Callable[[], FauxService], client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    service = servi()
+
+    await client.get("/api/v1/alerts?severity=critical")
+
+    assert service.appels == [(None, AlertSeverity.CRITICAL)]
+
+
+async def test_list_alerts_returns_422_for_an_unknown_severity(
+    servi: Callable[[], FauxService], client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    servi()
+
+    response = await client.get("/api/v1/alerts?severity=invalide")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 422
+
+
+async def test_list_alerts_returns_an_empty_list_when_there_is_nothing(
+    lecteur_connecte: None, fake_session: Callable[..., None], client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    fake_session(result=[])
+
+    response = await client.get("/api/v1/alerts")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == []

apps/backend/tests/api/test_auth.py

@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+from collections.abc import Iterator
+from uuid import uuid4
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from httpx import AsyncClient
+
+from app.api.deps import get_auth_service
+from app.core.principal import Principal
+from app.core.roles import AccountKind, Role
+from app.services.auth import (
+    AuthenticatedSession,
+    InvalidCredentialsError,
+    RateLimitedError,
+    SessionRejectedError,
+)
+
+IDENTIFIANTS = {"email": "operateur@enervision.fr", "password": "un-mot-de-passe-valide"}
+
+PRINCIPAL = Principal(
+    id=uuid4(),
+    email="operateur@enervision.fr",
+    role=Role.OPERATEUR,
+    kind=AccountKind.HUMAIN,
+    must_change_password=False,
+)
+
+
+class FauxService:
+    def __init__(self, erreur: Exception | None = None) -> None:
+        self._erreur = erreur
+
+    async def refresh(self, **_: object) -> AuthenticatedSession:
+        return await self.authenticate()
+
+    async def logout(self, **_: object) -> None:
+        return None
+
+    async def authenticate(self, **_: object) -> AuthenticatedSession:
+        if self._erreur is not None:
+            raise self._erreur
+        return AuthenticatedSession(
+            principal=PRINCIPAL,
+            access_token="un.jeton.factice",
+            expires_in=900,
+            refresh_secret="un-secret-opaque",
+        )
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def fake_auth_service(app: FastAPI) -> Iterator[list[Exception | None]]:
+    programme: list[Exception | None] = [None]
+    app.dependency_overrides[get_auth_service] = lambda: FauxService(programme[0])
+    yield programme
+    app.dependency_overrides.pop(get_auth_service, None)
+
+
+async def test_login_returns_the_token_and_the_principal_when_credentials_match(
+    fake_auth_service: list[Exception | None], client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    response = await client.post("/api/v1/auth/login", json=IDENTIFIANTS)
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    corps = response.json()
+    assert corps["access_token"] == "un.jeton.factice"
+    assert corps["token_type"] == "bearer"
+    assert corps["principal"]["role"] == "operateur"
+
+
+async def test_login_forbids_intermediaries_from_caching_the_response(
+    fake_auth_service: list[Exception | None], client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    response = await client.post("/api/v1/auth/login", json=IDENTIFIANTS)
+
+    assert response.headers["cache-control"] == "no-store"
+
+
+async def test_login_never_reveals_which_half_of_the_credentials_was_wrong(
+    fake_auth_service: list[Exception | None], client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    fake_auth_service[0] = InvalidCredentialsError("Identifiants invalides")
+
+    response = await client.post("/api/v1/auth/login", json=IDENTIFIANTS)
+
+    assert response.status_code == 401
+    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Identifiants invalides"}
+
+
+async def test_login_returns_429_with_a_retry_after_when_the_rate_limit_is_reached(
+    fake_auth_service: list[Exception | None], client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    fake_auth_service[0] = RateLimitedError(900)
+
+    response = await client.post("/api/v1/auth/login", json=IDENTIFIANTS)
+
+    assert response.status_code == 429
+    assert response.headers["retry-after"] == "900"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "corps",
+    [
+        {"email": "pas-une-adresse", "password": "un-mot-de-passe-valide"},
+        {"email": "operateur@enervision.fr"},
+        {"email": "operateur@enervision.fr", "password": "x" * 129},
+    ],
+    ids=["adresse_invalide", "mot_de_passe_absent", "mot_de_passe_trop_long"],
+)
+async def test_login_rejects_a_malformed_body_without_echoing_the_password(
+    fake_auth_service: list[Exception | None], client: AsyncClient, corps: dict[str, str]
+) -> None:
+    response = await client.post("/api/v1/auth/login", json=corps)
+
+    assert response.status_code == 422
+    assert "un-mot-de-passe-valide" not in response.text
+    assert "x" * 129 not in response.text
+
+
+async def test_login_posts_an_http_only_refresh_cookie_scoped_to_the_auth_routes(
+    fake_auth_service: list[Exception | None], client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    response = await client.post("/api/v1/auth/login", json=IDENTIFIANTS)
+
+    depose = response.headers["set-cookie"]
+    assert depose.startswith("ev_refresh=un-secret-opaque")
+    assert "HttpOnly" in depose
+    assert "SameSite=strict" in depose
+    assert "Path=/api/v1/auth" in depose
+
+
+async def test_login_keeps_the_refresh_secret_out_of_the_response_body(
+    fake_auth_service: list[Exception | None], client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    response = await client.post("/api/v1/auth/login", json=IDENTIFIANTS)
+
+    assert "un-secret-opaque" not in response.text
+
+
+async def test_refresh_returns_401_when_no_cookie_is_presented(
+    fake_auth_service: list[Exception | None], client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    response = await client.post("/api/v1/auth/refresh")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 401
+
+
+async def test_refresh_rotates_the_cookie_when_the_session_is_still_valid(
+    fake_auth_service: list[Exception | None], client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    client.cookies.set("ev_refresh", "un-secret-opaque")
+
+    response = await client.post("/api/v1/auth/refresh")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert "ev_refresh=" in response.headers["set-cookie"]
+
+
+async def test_refresh_clears_the_cookie_when_the_session_is_rejected(
+    fake_auth_service: list[Exception | None], client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    fake_auth_service[0] = SessionRejectedError("Session révoquée")
+    client.cookies.set("ev_refresh", "un-secret-rejoue")
+
+    response = await client.post("/api/v1/auth/refresh")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 401
+    assert 'ev_refresh=""' in response.headers["set-cookie"]
+    assert "Path=/api/v1/auth" in response.headers["set-cookie"]
+
+
+async def test_logout_answers_204_and_clears_the_cookie(
+    fake_auth_service: list[Exception | None], client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    client.cookies.set("ev_refresh", "un-secret-opaque")
+
+    response = await client.post("/api/v1/auth/logout")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 204
+    assert 'ev_refresh=""' in response.headers["set-cookie"]
+
+
+async def test_logout_stays_idempotent_without_a_cookie(
+    fake_auth_service: list[Exception | None], client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    response = await client.post("/api/v1/auth/logout")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 204
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "chemin",
+    ["/api/v1/auth/refresh", "/api/v1/auth/logout"],
+    ids=["rotation", "deconnexion"],
+)
+async def test_a_cookie_bearing_route_refuses_a_foreign_origin(
+    fake_auth_service: list[Exception | None], client: AsyncClient, chemin: str
+) -> None:
+    response = await client.post(chemin, headers={"Origin": "https://malveillant.example"})
+
+    assert response.status_code == 403
+
+
+async def test_a_cookie_bearing_route_accepts_a_request_without_origin(
+    fake_auth_service: list[Exception | None], client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    response = await client.post("/api/v1/auth/logout")
+
+    assert response.status_code != 403

apps/backend/tests/api/test_authorization.py

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterator
+from uuid import uuid4
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from httpx import AsyncClient
+
+from app.api.deps import AdminDep, get_current_principal, require_role
+from app.core.principal import Principal
+from app.core.roles import AccountKind, Role
+
+CHEMIN_ADMIN = "/api/v1/essai-admin"
+
+
+def principal(role: Role = Role.LECTEUR, *, must_change_password: bool = False) -> Principal:
+    return Principal(
+        id=uuid4(),
+        email=f"{role.value}@enervision.fr",
+        role=role,
+        kind=AccountKind.HUMAIN,
+        must_change_password=must_change_password,
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def route_admin(app: FastAPI) -> None:
+    @app.get(CHEMIN_ADMIN)
+    async def _reserve_aux_admins(acteur: AdminDep) -> dict[str, str]:
+        return {"email": acteur.email}
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def connecte(app: FastAPI) -> Iterator[Callable[[Principal], None]]:
+    def installe(acteur: Principal) -> None:
+        app.dependency_overrides[get_current_principal] = lambda: acteur
+
+    yield installe
+    app.dependency_overrides.pop(get_current_principal, None)
+
+
+async def test_me_returns_401_when_no_credentials_are_sent(client: AsyncClient) -> None:
+    response = await client.get("/api/v1/auth/me")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 401
+    assert "Bearer" in response.headers["www-authenticate"]
+
+
+async def test_me_returns_401_when_the_token_is_not_readable(client: AsyncClient) -> None:
+    response = await client.get(
+        "/api/v1/auth/me", headers={"Authorization": "Bearer nimporte.quoi.ici"}
+    )
+
+    assert response.status_code == 401
+    assert 'error="invalid_token"' in response.headers["www-authenticate"]
+
+
+async def test_me_describes_the_connected_account(
+    connecte: Callable[[Principal], None], client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    acteur = principal(Role.OPERATEUR)
+    connecte(acteur)
+
+    response = await client.get("/api/v1/auth/me")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json()["email"] == acteur.email
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("role", "attendu"),
+    [(Role.LECTEUR, 403), (Role.OPERATEUR, 403), (Role.ADMIN, 200)],
+    ids=["lecteur_refuse", "operateur_refuse", "admin_accepte"],
+)
+async def test_an_admin_route_only_answers_to_an_admin(
+    route_admin: None,
+    connecte: Callable[[Principal], None],
+    client: AsyncClient,
+    role: Role,
+    attendu: int,
+) -> None:
+    connecte(principal(role))
+
+    response = await client.get(CHEMIN_ADMIN)
+
+    assert response.status_code == attendu
+
+
+async def test_a_pending_password_change_blocks_every_business_route(
+    route_admin: None, connecte: Callable[[Principal], None], client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    connecte(principal(Role.ADMIN, must_change_password=True))
+
+    response = await client.get(CHEMIN_ADMIN)
+
+    assert response.status_code == 403
+    assert response.json()["detail"] == "password_change_required"
+
+
+async def test_a_pending_password_change_still_allows_reading_ones_own_account(
+    connecte: Callable[[Principal], None], client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    connecte(principal(Role.LECTEUR, must_change_password=True))
+
+    response = await client.get("/api/v1/auth/me")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json()["must_change_password"] is True
+
+
+def test_require_role_builds_one_guard_per_minimum_level() -> None:
+    garde = require_role(Role.OPERATEUR)
+
+    assert callable(garde)

apps/backend/tests/api/test_hardening.py

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+import pytest
+from httpx import ASGITransport, AsyncClient
+from httpx import Response as HttpResponse
+
+from app.main import create_app
+from tests.factories import make_settings
+
+ORIGINE = "https://enervision.fr"
+
+
+async def interroge(
+    settings_overrides: dict[str, object], chemin: str, **kwargs: object
+) -> HttpResponse:
+    application = create_app(make_settings(**settings_overrides))
+    transport = ASGITransport(app=application)
+    async with AsyncClient(transport=transport, base_url="http://test") as client:
+        return await client.get(chemin, **kwargs)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("entete", "valeur"),
+    [
+        ("x-content-type-options", "nosniff"),
+        ("x-frame-options", "DENY"),
+        ("referrer-policy", "no-referrer"),
+    ],
+    ids=["nosniff", "anti_iframe", "referrer"],
+)
+async def test_every_response_carries_the_security_headers(
+    client: AsyncClient, entete: str, valeur: str
+) -> None:
+    response = await client.get("/api/v1/health/live")
+
+    assert response.headers[entete] == valeur
+
+
+async def test_the_application_never_sets_hsts_itself(client: AsyncClient) -> None:
+    response = await client.get("/api/v1/health/live")
+
+    assert "strict-transport-security" not in response.headers
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "env",
+    ["staging", "prod"],
+    ids=["preproduction", "production"],
+)
+async def test_the_documentation_disappears_outside_development(env: str) -> None:
+    surcharges = {"env": env, "cors_origins": ORIGINE}
+
+    for chemin in ("/docs", "/openapi.json"):
+        assert (await interroge(surcharges, chemin)).status_code == 404
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("env", ["local", "dev"], ids=["local", "developpement"])
+async def test_the_documentation_stays_available_while_developing(env: str) -> None:
+    surcharges = {"env": env, "cors_origins": ORIGINE}
+
+    assert (await interroge(surcharges, "/openapi.json")).status_code == 200
+
+
+async def test_an_explicit_override_can_reopen_the_documentation() -> None:
+    surcharges = {"env": "prod", "cors_origins": ORIGINE, "expose_api_docs": True}
+
+    assert (await interroge(surcharges, "/openapi.json")).status_code == 200
+
+
+async def test_metrics_stay_open_when_no_token_is_configured(client: AsyncClient) -> None:
+    response = await client.get("/metrics")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+
+
+async def test_metrics_demand_the_token_once_one_is_configured() -> None:
+    surcharges = {"metrics_token": "un-jeton-de-supervision-assez-long"}
+
+    assert (await interroge(surcharges, "/metrics")).status_code == 401
+
+
+async def test_metrics_answer_to_the_right_token() -> None:
+    surcharges = {"metrics_token": "un-jeton-de-supervision-assez-long"}
+    entetes = {"Authorization": "Bearer un-jeton-de-supervision-assez-long"}
+
+    response = await interroge(surcharges, "/metrics", headers=entetes)
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+
+
+async def test_metrics_refuse_a_token_that_is_almost_right() -> None:
+    surcharges = {"metrics_token": "un-jeton-de-supervision-assez-long"}
+    entetes = {"Authorization": "Bearer un-jeton-de-supervision-assez-lon"}
+
+    response = await interroge(surcharges, "/metrics", headers=entetes)
+
+    assert response.status_code == 401
+
+
+async def test_an_unhandled_error_returns_a_correlation_id_and_no_traceback() -> None:
+    application = create_app(make_settings())
+
+    @application.get("/api/v1/essai-panne")
+    async def _casse() -> None:
+        raise RuntimeError("secret interne de la pile")
+
+    transport = ASGITransport(app=application, raise_app_exceptions=False)
+    async with AsyncClient(transport=transport, base_url="http://test") as client:
+        response = await client.get("/api/v1/essai-panne")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 500
+    assert "secret interne de la pile" not in response.text
+    assert response.json()["correlation"]

apps/backend/tests/api/test_health.py

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
+
+import pytest
+from httpx import AsyncClient
+from sqlalchemy.exc import OperationalError
+
+
+async def test_liveness_exposes_service_metadata(client: AsyncClient) -> None:
+    response = await client.get("/api/v1/health/live")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "status": "ok",
+        "service": "EnerVision API",
+        "version": "0.1.0",
+        "environment": "local",
+    }
+
+
+async def test_readiness_confirms_the_extension_without_leaking_its_version(
+    fake_session: Callable[..., None], client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    fake_session(result="2.22.1")
+
+    response = await client.get("/api/v1/health/ready")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "status": "ready",
+        "database": "reachable",
+        "timescaledb": "loaded",
+    }
+    assert "2.22.1" not in response.text
+
+
+async def test_readiness_returns_503_when_the_extension_is_missing(
+    fake_session: Callable[..., None], client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    fake_session(result=None)
+
+    response = await client.get("/api/v1/health/ready")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 503
+    assert response.json()["detail"] == "Extension TimescaleDB absente"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "failure",
+    [
+        OperationalError("SELECT 1", {}, Exception("connexion refusee")),
+        ConnectionRefusedError(111, "Connection refused"),
+    ],
+    ids=["erreur_sqlalchemy", "erreur_reseau_asyncpg"],
+)
+async def test_readiness_returns_503_when_database_is_unreachable(
+    fake_session: Callable[..., None], client: AsyncClient, failure: Exception
+) -> None:
+    fake_session(failure=failure)
+
+    response = await client.get("/api/v1/health/ready")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 503
+    assert response.json()["detail"] == "Base de données injoignable"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("path", ["/openapi.json", "/metrics"])
+async def test_technical_endpoints_are_served(client: AsyncClient, path: str) -> None:
+    assert (await client.get(path)).status_code == 200
+
+
+@pytest.mark.integration
+async def test_readiness_reaches_the_real_database(client: AsyncClient) -> None:
+    response = await client.get("/api/v1/health/ready")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    body = response.json()
+    assert body["status"] == "ready"
+    assert body["database"] == "reachable"
+    assert body["timescaledb"] == "loaded"

apps/backend/tests/api/test_openapi.py

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+# Pourquoi : `openapi.json` est versionné, donc une route qui change son contrat public le montre
+# dans la diff d'une pull request. `test_the_committed_contract_matches_the_generated_one` est ce
+# qui empêche le fichier de dériver du code sans que personne ne le voie.
+
+import json
+from typing import Any
+
+import pytest
+
+from app import cli
+
+METHODES = {"get", "post", "patch", "put", "delete"}
+
+# `/auth/logout` lit le cookie mais ne le réclame pas : sans session elle répond 204, et un 401
+# documenté y serait faux.
+SANS_REFUS = {("POST", "/api/v1/auth/logout")}
+
+ORIGINE_VERIFIEE = {
+    ("POST", "/api/v1/auth/refresh"),
+    ("POST", "/api/v1/auth/logout"),
+    ("POST", "/api/v1/auth/logout-all"),
+    ("POST", "/api/v1/auth/password"),
+}
+
+# Toute route derrière `require_role` (LecteurDep, OperateurDep, AdminDep) peut rendre 403 pour
+# `password_change_required`, pas seulement les routes `admin`.
+ROUTES_A_ROLE = {
+    ("GET", "/api/v1/users"),
+    ("POST", "/api/v1/users"),
+    ("PATCH", "/api/v1/users/{id}"),
+    ("POST", "/api/v1/users/{id}/password-reset"),
+    ("GET", "/api/v1/sites"),
+    ("GET", "/api/v1/sites/{site_id}"),
+    ("GET", "/api/v1/alerts"),
+    ("GET", "/api/v1/recommendations"),
+    ("GET", "/api/v1/recommendations/{recommendation_id}"),
+    ("GET", "/api/v1/stats/summary"),
+}
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
+def schema() -> dict[str, Any]:
+    return cli.schema_du_contrat()
+
+
+def operations(schema: dict[str, Any]) -> list[tuple[str, str, dict[str, Any]]]:
+    return [
+        (methode.upper(), chemin, operation)
+        for chemin, operations_du_chemin in schema["paths"].items()
+        for methode, operation in operations_du_chemin.items()
+        if methode in METHODES
+    ]
+
+
+def test_the_committed_contract_matches_the_generated_one(schema: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    publie = json.loads(cli.CHEMIN_CONTRAT.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+
+    assert publie == schema, "lancer `make openapi` et versionner le fichier obtenu"
+
+
+def test_every_route_demanding_an_identity_says_how_it_refuses(schema: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    muettes = [
+        (methode, chemin)
+        for methode, chemin, operation in operations(schema)
+        if operation.get("security")
+        and (methode, chemin) not in SANS_REFUS
+        and "401" not in operation["responses"]
+    ]
+
+    assert muettes == []
+
+
+def test_every_role_guarded_route_documents_the_role_refusal(schema: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    sans_403 = [
+        (methode, chemin)
+        for methode, chemin, operation in operations(schema)
+        if (methode, chemin) in ROUTES_A_ROLE and "403" not in operation["responses"]
+    ]
+
+    assert sans_403 == []
+
+
+def test_every_origin_checked_route_documents_the_csrf_refusal(schema: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    sans_403 = [
+        (methode, chemin)
+        for methode, chemin, operation in operations(schema)
+        if (methode, chemin) in ORIGINE_VERIFIEE and "403" not in operation["responses"]
+    ]
+
+    assert sans_403 == []
+
+
+def test_the_validation_model_matches_what_the_handler_returns(schema: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    modeles = {
+        operation["responses"]["422"]["content"]["application/json"]["schema"]["$ref"]
+        for _, _, operation in operations(schema)
+        if "422" in operation["responses"]
+    }
+
+    assert modeles == {"#/components/schemas/ValidationErrorResponse"}
+    assert "HTTPValidationError" not in schema["components"]["schemas"]
+
+
+def test_the_rate_limit_documents_the_delay_header(schema: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    trop_de_tentatives = schema["paths"]["/api/v1/auth/login"]["post"]["responses"]["429"]
+
+    assert "Retry-After" in trop_de_tentatives["headers"]
+
+
+def test_the_refresh_cookie_appears_in_the_security_schemes(schema: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    schemes = schema["components"]["securitySchemes"]
+
+    assert schemes["Cookie de rafraîchissement"]["in"] == "cookie"
+    assert schemes["Cookie de rafraîchissement"]["name"] == "ev_refresh"
+
+
+def test_each_tag_used_by_a_route_is_described(schema: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    decrits = {tag["name"] for tag in schema["tags"]}
+
+    for methode, chemin, operation in operations(schema):
+        poses = operation.get("tags", [])
+        assert len(poses) == len(set(poses)), f"tag en double sur {methode} {chemin}"
+        assert set(poses) <= decrits, f"tag non décrit sur {methode} {chemin}"

apps/backend/tests/api/test_parcours_authentification.py

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+# Parcours complet contre la vraie base, sans serveur ni port ouvert. C'est ce fichier qui
+# prouve que le câblage tient : la connexion, la rotation, la détection de réutilisation et la
+# révocation immédiate passent par les vrais dépôts, les vraies transactions et les vrais
+# déclencheurs PostgreSQL.
+
+import uuid
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from httpx import ASGITransport, AsyncClient
+from sqlalchemy import text
+
+from app.core.hashing import build_hasher
+from app.core.roles import Role
+from app.db.session import get_session_factory
+from app.repositories.user import UserRepository
+
+pytestmark = pytest.mark.integration
+
+MOT_DE_PASSE = "un-mot-de-passe-de-recette"
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+async def compte_operateur() -> AsyncIterator[str]:
+    email = f"parcours-{uuid.uuid4().hex[:12]}@enervision.fr"
+    hacheur = build_hasher(time_cost=1, memory_cost_kib=8192, parallelism=1, max_concurrency=2)
+    empreinte = await hacheur.hash(MOT_DE_PASSE)
+
+    async with get_session_factory()() as session:
+        await UserRepository(session).create(
+            email=email, password_hash=empreinte, role=Role.OPERATEUR
+        )
+        await session.commit()
+
+    yield email
+
+    async with get_session_factory()() as session:
+        await session.execute(text("delete from app_user where email = :e"), {"e": email})
+        await session.commit()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+async def navigateur(app: FastAPI) -> AsyncIterator[AsyncClient]:
+    transport = ASGITransport(app=app)
+    async with AsyncClient(transport=transport, base_url="http://test") as client:
+        yield client
+
+
+async def connecte(navigateur: AsyncClient, email: str) -> dict[str, str]:
+    reponse = await navigateur.post(
+        "/api/v1/auth/login", json={"email": email, "password": MOT_DE_PASSE}
+    )
+    assert reponse.status_code == 200, reponse.text
+    return {"Authorization": f"Bearer {reponse.json()['access_token']}"}
+
+
+async def test_a_full_session_runs_from_login_to_logout(
+    compte_operateur: str, navigateur: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    entetes = await connecte(navigateur, compte_operateur)
+
+    identite = await navigateur.get("/api/v1/auth/me", headers=entetes)
+    rotation = await navigateur.post("/api/v1/auth/refresh")
+    deconnexion = await navigateur.post("/api/v1/auth/logout")
+
+    assert identite.status_code == 200
+    assert identite.json()["role"] == "operateur"
+    assert rotation.status_code == 200
+    assert deconnexion.status_code == 204
+
+
+async def test_replaying_a_rotated_cookie_kills_the_whole_family(
+    compte_operateur: str, navigateur: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    await connecte(navigateur, compte_operateur)
+    vole = navigateur.cookies["ev_refresh"]
+    premiere_rotation = await navigateur.post("/api/v1/auth/refresh")
+    vivant = navigateur.cookies["ev_refresh"]
+
+    navigateur.cookies.set("ev_refresh", vole)
+    rejeu = await navigateur.post("/api/v1/auth/refresh")
+
+    navigateur.cookies.set("ev_refresh", vivant)
+    apres = await navigateur.post("/api/v1/auth/refresh")
+
+    assert premiere_rotation.status_code == 200
+    assert rejeu.status_code == 401
+    assert apres.status_code == 401, "la session vivante doit tomber avec sa famille"
+
+
+async def test_the_reuse_leaves_a_trace_in_the_append_only_audit_log(
+    compte_operateur: str, navigateur: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    await connecte(navigateur, compte_operateur)
+    vole = navigateur.cookies["ev_refresh"]
+    await navigateur.post("/api/v1/auth/refresh")
+
+    navigateur.cookies.set("ev_refresh", vole)
+    await navigateur.post("/api/v1/auth/refresh")
+
+    async with get_session_factory()() as session:
+        traces = await session.scalar(
+            text("select count(*) from audit_log where action = 'auth.refresh_reuse_detected'")
+        )
+    assert traces is not None
+    assert traces >= 1
+
+
+async def test_disabling_an_account_invalidates_its_access_token_at_once(
+    compte_operateur: str, navigateur: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    entetes = await connecte(navigateur, compte_operateur)
+    avant = await navigateur.get("/api/v1/auth/me", headers=entetes)
+
+    async with get_session_factory()() as session:
+        depot = UserRepository(session)
+        compte = await depot.get_by_email(compte_operateur)
+        assert compte is not None
+        await depot.set_active(compte.id, is_active=False)
+        await session.commit()
+
+    apres = await navigateur.get("/api/v1/auth/me", headers=entetes)
+
+    assert avant.status_code == 200
+    assert apres.status_code == 401, "la révocation doit être immédiate, pas dans 15 minutes"
+
+
+async def test_changing_a_role_invalidates_the_token_that_still_carries_the_old_one(
+    compte_operateur: str, navigateur: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    entetes = await connecte(navigateur, compte_operateur)
+
+    async with get_session_factory()() as session:
+        depot = UserRepository(session)
+        compte = await depot.get_by_email(compte_operateur)
+        assert compte is not None
+        await depot.set_role(compte.id, Role.LECTEUR)
+        await session.commit()
+
+    apres = await navigateur.get("/api/v1/auth/me", headers=entetes)
+
+    assert apres.status_code == 401
+    assert "token_stale" in apres.headers["www-authenticate"]
+
+
+async def test_a_failed_login_is_recorded_even_for_an_unknown_address(
+    navigateur: AsyncClient,
+) -> None:
+    inconnu = f"inconnu-{uuid.uuid4().hex[:12]}@enervision.fr"
+
+    reponse = await navigateur.post(
+        "/api/v1/auth/login", json={"email": inconnu, "password": "peu-importe-ici"}
+    )
+
+    async with get_session_factory()() as session:
+        tentatives = await session.scalar(
+            text("select count(*) from login_attempt where email_tried = :e"), {"e": inconnu}
+        )
+    assert reponse.status_code == 401
+    assert reponse.json() == {"detail": "Identifiants invalides"}
+    assert tentatives == 1, "sans cette ligne, le 429 deviendrait un oracle d'existence"

apps/backend/tests/api/test_recommendations.py

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterator
+from datetime import UTC, datetime
+from uuid import uuid4
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from httpx import AsyncClient
+
+from app.api.deps import get_current_principal, get_recommendation_service
+from app.core.principal import Principal
+from app.core.roles import AccountKind, Role
+from app.models.energy import Recommendation
+from app.services.recommendation import RecommendationNotFoundError
+
+MOMENT = datetime(2024, 1, 1, tzinfo=UTC)
+
+
+def principal(role: Role = Role.LECTEUR) -> Principal:
+    return Principal(
+        id=uuid4(),
+        email=f"{role.value}@enervision.fr",
+        role=role,
+        kind=AccountKind.HUMAIN,
+        must_change_password=False,
+    )
+
+
+def recommendation(recommendation_id: int = 1) -> Recommendation:
+    return Recommendation(
+        recommendation_id=recommendation_id,
+        alert_id=1,
+        action="Vérifier la consommation",
+        explanation="Pic détecté",
+        rule_reference="spike-v1",
+        created_at=MOMENT,
+    )
+
+
+class FauxService:
+    def __init__(self, erreur: Exception | None = None) -> None:
+        self._erreur = erreur
+        self.recommendation = recommendation()
+
+    async def list_all(self) -> list[Recommendation]:
+        return [self.recommendation]
+
+    async def get_by_id(self, recommendation_id: int) -> Recommendation:
+        if self._erreur is not None:
+            raise self._erreur
+        return self.recommendation
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def lecteur_connecte(app: FastAPI) -> Iterator[None]:
+    app.dependency_overrides[get_current_principal] = lambda: principal()
+    yield
+    app.dependency_overrides.pop(get_current_principal, None)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def servi(
+    app: FastAPI, lecteur_connecte: None
+) -> Iterator[Callable[[Exception | None], FauxService]]:
+    def installe(erreur: Exception | None = None) -> FauxService:
+        service = FauxService(erreur)
+        app.dependency_overrides[get_recommendation_service] = lambda: service
+        return service
+
+    yield installe
+    app.dependency_overrides.pop(get_recommendation_service, None)
+
+
+async def test_list_recommendations_returns_the_recommendations(
+    servi: Callable[..., FauxService], client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    servi()
+
+    response = await client.get("/api/v1/recommendations")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    corps = response.json()
+    assert corps == [
+        {
+            "recommendation_id": 1,
+            "alert_id": 1,
+            "action": "Vérifier la consommation",
+            "explanation": "Pic détecté",
+            "rule_reference": "spike-v1",
+            "created_at": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+        }
+    ]
+
+
+async def test_get_recommendation_returns_the_matching_recommendation(
+    servi: Callable[..., FauxService], client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    servi()
+
+    response = await client.get("/api/v1/recommendations/1")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json()["recommendation_id"] == 1
+
+
+async def test_get_recommendation_returns_404_for_an_unknown_recommendation(
+    servi: Callable[..., FauxService], client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    servi(RecommendationNotFoundError(404))
+
+    response = await client.get("/api/v1/recommendations/404")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 404
+
+
+async def test_list_recommendations_reaches_the_repository_through_the_session(
+    lecteur_connecte: None, fake_session: Callable[..., None], client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    fake_session(result=[recommendation(1), recommendation(2)])
+
+    response = await client.get("/api/v1/recommendations")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert [r["recommendation_id"] for r in response.json()] == [1, 2]
+
+
+async def test_get_recommendation_reaches_the_repository_through_the_session(
+    lecteur_connecte: None, fake_session: Callable[..., None], client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    fake_session(result=recommendation(1))
+
+    response = await client.get("/api/v1/recommendations/1")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json()["recommendation_id"] == 1
+
+
+async def test_get_recommendation_returns_404_when_the_session_finds_nothing(
+    lecteur_connecte: None, fake_session: Callable[..., None], client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    fake_session(result=None)
+
+    response = await client.get("/api/v1/recommendations/404")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 404

apps/backend/tests/api/test_route_protection.py

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# Ce test est le garde-fou de l'autorisation : rendre une route publique oblige à modifier
+# `ROUTES_PUBLIQUES` ci-dessous, ce qui apparaît en clair dans la diff d'une pull request et
+# demande une justification au relecteur.
+# Pourquoi : il interroge réellement chaque route sans jeton au lieu d'inspecter l'arbre de
+# dépendances. L'arbre n'est accessible que par l'API privée de FastAPI, et surtout une route
+# peut porter la bonne dépendance tout en répondant quand même.
+
+from typing import Any
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from httpx import AsyncClient
+
+ROUTES_PUBLIQUES = frozenset(
+    {
+        ("GET", "/api/v1/health/live"),
+        ("GET", "/api/v1/health/ready"),
+        ("POST", "/api/v1/auth/login"),
+        # Sans cookie, la déconnexion ne fait rien et répond 204 : elle est idempotente.
+        ("POST", "/api/v1/auth/logout"),
+        ("GET", "/metrics"),
+    }
+)
+
+VALEURS_DE_SUBSTITUTION = "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"
+STATUTS_DE_REFUS = {401, 403}
+
+
+def routes_declarees(app: FastAPI) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
+    schema: dict[str, Any] = app.openapi()
+    return [
+        (methode.upper(), chemin)
+        for chemin, operations in schema["paths"].items()
+        for methode in operations
+        if methode.upper() in {"GET", "POST", "PATCH", "PUT", "DELETE"}
+    ]
+
+
+def routes_protegees(app: FastAPI) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
+    return [route for route in routes_declarees(app) if route not in ROUTES_PUBLIQUES]
+
+
+def test_the_public_allow_list_has_no_stale_entry(app: FastAPI) -> None:
+    declarees = set(routes_declarees(app)) | {("GET", "/metrics")}
+
+    inconnues = ROUTES_PUBLIQUES - declarees
+
+    assert inconnues == set()
+
+
+async def test_every_route_rejects_an_anonymous_caller_unless_explicitly_public(
+    app: FastAPI, client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    ouvertes: list[tuple[str, str, int]] = []
+
+    for methode, chemin in routes_protegees(app):
+        concret = chemin.replace("{user_id}", VALEURS_DE_SUBSTITUTION)
+        response = await client.request(methode, concret, json={})
+        if response.status_code not in STATUTS_DE_REFUS:
+            ouvertes.append((methode, chemin, response.status_code))
+
+    assert ouvertes == []
+
+
+async def test_the_declared_routes_are_actually_reachable(app: FastAPI) -> None:
+    assert ("POST", "/api/v1/auth/login") in routes_declarees(app)
+    assert ("GET", "/api/v1/auth/me") in routes_declarees(app)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "chemin",
+    ["/api/v1/health/live", "/api/v1/health/ready"],
+    ids=["sonde_de_vie", "sonde_de_disponibilite"],
+)
+def test_the_health_probes_stay_public(app: FastAPI, chemin: str) -> None:
+    assert ("GET", chemin) in ROUTES_PUBLIQUES

apps/backend/tests/api/test_sites.py

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterator
+from uuid import uuid4
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from httpx import AsyncClient
+
+from app.api.deps import get_current_principal, get_site_service
+from app.core.principal import Principal
+from app.core.roles import AccountKind, Role
+from app.models.energy import Site
+from app.services.site import SiteNotFoundError
+
+
+def principal(role: Role = Role.LECTEUR) -> Principal:
+    return Principal(
+        id=uuid4(),
+        email=f"{role.value}@enervision.fr",
+        role=role,
+        kind=AccountKind.HUMAIN,
+        must_change_password=False,
+    )
+
+
+def site(site_id: str = "site-1") -> Site:
+    return Site(
+        site_id=site_id,
+        site_name="Site de test",
+        site_type="industriel",
+        location="Toulouse",
+        capacity_kw=42.0,
+        status="actif",
+    )
+
+
+class FauxService:
+    def __init__(self, erreur: Exception | None = None) -> None:
+        self._erreur = erreur
+        self.site = site()
+
+    async def list_all(self) -> list[Site]:
+        return [self.site]
+
+    async def get_by_id(self, site_id: str) -> Site:
+        if self._erreur is not None:
+            raise self._erreur
+        return self.site
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def lecteur_connecte(app: FastAPI) -> Iterator[None]:
+    app.dependency_overrides[get_current_principal] = lambda: principal()
+    yield
+    app.dependency_overrides.pop(get_current_principal, None)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def servi(
+    app: FastAPI, lecteur_connecte: None
+) -> Iterator[Callable[[Exception | None], FauxService]]:
+    def installe(erreur: Exception | None = None) -> FauxService:
+        service = FauxService(erreur)
+        app.dependency_overrides[get_site_service] = lambda: service
+        return service
+
+    yield installe
+    app.dependency_overrides.pop(get_site_service, None)
+
+
+async def test_list_sites_returns_the_sites(
+    servi: Callable[..., FauxService], client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    servi()
+
+    response = await client.get("/api/v1/sites")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    corps = response.json()
+    assert corps == [
+        {
+            "site_id": "site-1",
+            "site_name": "Site de test",
+            "site_type": "industriel",
+            "location": "Toulouse",
+            "capacity_kw": 42.0,
+            "status": "actif",
+        }
+    ]
+
+
+async def test_get_site_returns_the_matching_site(
+    servi: Callable[..., FauxService], client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    servi()
+
+    response = await client.get("/api/v1/sites/site-1")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json()["site_id"] == "site-1"
+
+
+async def test_get_site_returns_404_for_an_unknown_site(
+    servi: Callable[..., FauxService], client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    servi(SiteNotFoundError("site-inconnu"))
+
+    response = await client.get("/api/v1/sites/site-inconnu")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 404
+
+
+async def test_list_sites_reaches_the_repository_through_the_session(
+    lecteur_connecte: None, fake_session: Callable[..., None], client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    fake_session(result=[site("a"), site("b")])
+
+    response = await client.get("/api/v1/sites")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert [s["site_id"] for s in response.json()] == ["a", "b"]
+
+
+async def test_get_site_reaches_the_repository_through_the_session(
+    lecteur_connecte: None, fake_session: Callable[..., None], client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    fake_session(result=site("a"))
+
+    response = await client.get("/api/v1/sites/a")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json()["site_id"] == "a"
+
+
+async def test_get_site_returns_404_when_the_session_finds_nothing(
+    lecteur_connecte: None, fake_session: Callable[..., None], client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    fake_session(result=None)
+
+    response = await client.get("/api/v1/sites/inconnu")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 404

apps/backend/tests/api/test_stats.py

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterator
+from datetime import UTC, datetime
+from uuid import uuid4
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from httpx import AsyncClient
+
+from app.api.deps import get_current_principal, get_stats_service
+from app.core.principal import Principal
+from app.core.roles import AccountKind, Role
+from app.services.stats import ConsumptionSummary, SiteConsumption
+
+
+def principal(role: Role = Role.LECTEUR) -> Principal:
+    return Principal(
+        id=uuid4(),
+        email=f"{role.value}@enervision.fr",
+        role=role,
+        kind=AccountKind.HUMAIN,
+        must_change_password=False,
+    )
+
+
+class FauxService:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.resume = ConsumptionSummary(
+            timestamp=datetime.now(UTC),
+            total_sites=1,
+            total_consumption_kw=87.34,
+            total_capacity_kw=200,
+            average_load_percent=43.7,
+            sites=[
+                SiteConsumption(
+                    site_id="SITE001",
+                    site_name="Bureau Paris La Défense",
+                    current_consumption_kw=87.34,
+                    capacity_kw=200,
+                    load_percent=43.7,
+                    data_quality="good",
+                )
+            ],
+        )
+
+    async def summary(self) -> ConsumptionSummary:
+        return self.resume
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def servi(app: FastAPI) -> Iterator[Callable[[], FauxService]]:
+    def installe() -> FauxService:
+        service = FauxService()
+        app.dependency_overrides[get_stats_service] = lambda: service
+        app.dependency_overrides[get_current_principal] = lambda: principal()
+        return service
+
+    yield installe
+    app.dependency_overrides.pop(get_stats_service, None)
+    app.dependency_overrides.pop(get_current_principal, None)
+
+
+async def test_get_summary_returns_the_service_result(
+    servi: Callable[[], FauxService], client: AsyncClient
+) -> None:
+    servi()
+
+    response = await client.get("/api/v1/stats/summary")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    corps = response.json()
+    assert corps["total_sites"] == 1
+    assert corps["sites"][0]["site_id"] == "SITE001"
+    assert corps["sites"][0]["data_quality"] == "good"